Kev Ua Haujlwm Sib Koom Tes ntawm Cov Khoom Tiv Thaiv Surge, Circuit Breakers thiab Fuses hauv Photovoltaic Systems: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Sib Tham Txog Qhov Yuav Tsum Muaj
Kev Taw Qhia
Nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam photovoltaic thoob ntiaj teb, kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob hnub ci tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam. Cov tshuab photovoltaic raug rau sab nraum zoov ntev thiab muaj kev phom sij rau kev hem thawj xws li xob laim, kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm, uas yuav ua rau cov khoom siv puas tsuaj lossis hluav taws kub. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (SPDs), cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob, thiab cov fuses yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tseem ceeb uas txhua tus ua lawv txoj haujlwm thiab koom tes nrog ib leeg kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm lub kaw lus. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tshuaj xyuas lawv cov haujlwm, cov txheej txheem sib koom tes, thiab qhov tsim nyog los muab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg siv kev lag luam.
I. Tus "Tus Neeg Tua Neeg Tsis Pom" Uas Ntsib Cov Tshuab Photovoltaic
Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic zoo li "cov tub rog hlau" ua haujlwm hauv huab cua qhib, tas li nyiaj dhau ntau yam kev sim siab.
1.1 Teeb meem xob laim:
Tshwj xeeb, nyob rau hauv Middle East thiab Southeast Asia, ib lub caij cua daj cua dub tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab ke uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tuag tes tuag taw.
1.2 Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog fais fab:
Hauv Chilean qhov project uas kuv yog tus saib xyuas, ntau daim khoom siv tau hlawv tag vim muaj qhov hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv.
1.3 Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev luv luv:
Xyoo tas los no, ib qhov project hauv lub teb chaws Yelemes tau muaj teeb meem luv luv vim yog cov cables qub, yuav luag ua rau muaj hluav taws.
Cov kev pheej hmoo no tsis yog kev ua kom dhau. Raws li International Photovoltaic Safety Alliance, ntau tshaj 60% ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm lub photovoltaic system yog vim tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob txaus.
II. Cov Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge (SPD)
2.1 Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
SPD hloov qhov hluav taws xob dhau mus rau hauv av los ntawm cov hlau oxide varistors (MOV) lossis cov raj xa roj (GDT), txwv qhov hluav taws xob hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg uas muaj kev nyab xeeb. Hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic, SPDs feem ntau raug teeb tsa ntawm cov chaw hauv qab no:
Sab DC (nruab nrab ntawm cov modules thiab lub inverter): Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob surges uas tshwm sim los ntawm xob laim.
Sab AC (nruab nrab ntawm lub inverter thiab lub grid): Txhawm rau tswj kom tsis txhob muaj overvoltage los ntawm sab grid.
2.2 Cov Qauv Tseem Ceeb
Qhov hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tas mus li siab tshaj plaws (Uc): Yuav tsum phim qib hluav taws xob ntawm lub photovoltaic system (xws li 1000V DC lossis 1500V DC).
Cov hluav taws xob tawm (Hauv/Iimp): Qhia txog lub peev xwm los tawm cov hluav taws xob xob laim, thiab cov tshuab photovoltaic feem ntau xav tau 20kA lossis siab dua.
Qib tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (Saum toj): Txheeb xyuas qhov loj ntawm qhov hluav taws xob seem thiab yuav tsum qis dua qhov hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv.
2.3 Qhov Tsim Nyog
Tiv thaiv cov khoom siv kim xws li inverters thiab combiner boxes kom tsis txhob raug puas tsuaj los ntawm surges.
Ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb (xws li IEC 6164331, UL 1449) thiab cov kev cai lees txais rau cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic.
Ⅲ. Kev ua haujlwm thiab kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov fuses
3.1 Lub Tshuab Hluav Taws Xob
Kev Ua Haujlwm:
• Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Thauj Khoom Ntau Dhau: Thaum qhov tam sim no tshaj qhov teev tseg (xws li 1.3 npaug ntawm qhov tam sim no ntsuas), lub tshuab thermal trip ua haujlwm.
• Kev Tiv Thaiv Luv Circuit Court: Lub tshuab hluav taws xob electromagnetic mus txiav tawm qhov tam sim no luv luv (xws li 10kA) hauv milliseconds.
• Cov yam ntxwv ntawm daim ntawv thov rau Photovoltaic:
Yuav tsum xaiv ib lub DC circuit breaker tshwj xeeb (xws li DC 1000V/1500V).
Lub peev xwm tawg yuav tsum phim lub zog luv luv ntawm lub kaw lus (feem ntau ≥ 15kA).
3.2 Lub tshuab hluav taws xob
Kev Ua Haujlwm:
Los ntawm kev yaj lub fuse element, nws tuaj yeem cais tawm lub voj voog tsis zoo sai sai thiab tiv thaiv ceg txuas nrog series.
Cov txiaj ntsig:
Qhov ceev ntawm kev txiav tawm sai dua (ntawm qib microsecond), tsim nyog rau cov xwm txheej tam sim no luv luv.
Nws me me thiab haum rau cov thawv nqa tam sim no uas muaj qhov chaw tsawg.
3.3 Kev Koom Tes Nrog SPD
SPD yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, thaum cov circuit breakers / fuse protectors yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv tam sim no.
Thaum SPD tsis ua haujlwm vim muaj kev tawg hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob lossis cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv fuse tuaj yeem txiav lub voj voog uas ua txhaum sai sai kom tiv thaiv hluav taws.
Ⅳ. Kev kawm txog kev tiv thaiv ntau theem
Piv txwv li, siv lub chaw fais fab photovoltaic 1MW:
4.1 Kev tiv thaiv ntawm sab DC
Cov ceg ntawm cov khoom sib txuas: Nruab cov fuses (xws li 10A gPV hom) rau txhua cov koob.
Nkag mus rau hauv lub thawv combiner: Nruab Hom II SPD (Up ≤ 1.5kV) thiab DC circuit breaker (63A).
4.2 Kev tiv thaiv ntawm sab AC
Qhov kawg ntawm lub inverter: Kho Hom 1+2 SPD (Iimp ≥ 12.5kA) thiab molded case circuit breaker (250A).
4.3 Kev sim ua qhov xwm txheej txhaum cai
Thaum muaj xob laim ntaus: Lub SPD tso tawm cov hluav taws xob nce siab thiab clamps lub voltage qis dua 2kV; yog tias SPD ua tsis tiav vim muaj luv luv Circuit Court, lub circuit breaker yuav tawg.
Thaum muaj kab luv luv: Lub fuse yaj hauv 5ms kom tiv thaiv kev kis tus kab mob thermal spot effect.
Ⅴ. Cov kev ceev faj rau kev xaiv thiab kev teeb tsa
5.1 Kev Xaiv SPD
Rau sab DC, yuav tsum xaiv lub photovoltaic-specific SPD (xws li PVSPD) kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem rov qab tam sim no ntawm AC SPD ib txwm muaj.
Yuav tsum xav txog qhov kub thiab txias (Uc yuav tsum tawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv qhov chaw kub siab).
5.2 Kev Sib Txuas ntawm Circuit Breaker/Fuse
Lub peev xwm tawg yuav tsum siab dua qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub luv luv tam sim no ntawm lub kaw lus (xws li qhov txhaum tam sim no ntawm txoj hlua yuav ncav cuag 1.5kA).
Qhov tam sim no ntsuas ntawm lub fuse yuav tsum ntau dua 1.56 npaug ntawm qhov tam sim no luv luv ntawm cov khoom siv (Isc) (raws li NEC 690.8).
5.3 Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Sib Koom Tes Hauv Lub System
Qhov ntev ntawm cov xov hlau ntawm SPD thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav tsum yog ≤ 0.5m kom txo cov hluav taws xob seem.
Yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov cim qhia txog SPD tsis tu ncua, thiab cov modules uas tsis ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau hloov pauv raws sijhawm.
Ⅵ. Cov Qauv Kev Lag Luam thiab Cov Qauv Hloov Kho Tshiab
• Kev thov hluav taws xob siab: Nrog rau kev siv dav dav ntawm 1500V photovoltaic systems, cov theem hluav taws xob ntawm SPDs thiab cov circuit breakers yuav tsum tau txhim kho kom zoo.
• Kev saib xyuas ntse: Cov SPD ntse uas sib xyaw ua ke cov ntsuas kub thiab cov haujlwm sib txuas lus wireless maj mam raug siv los ua kom tiav qhov ceeb toom ua ntej txog qhov txhaum deb.
• Kev txhawb nqa tus qauv: Tus qauv tshiab ntawm IEC 625482023 tau tsim cov kev cai sib koom tes nruj dua rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv rau cov tshuab photovoltaic.
Xaus lus
Hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic, cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawg thiab cov fuses yog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv "voltage-current" ua ke. Kev xaiv thiab teeb tsa cov khoom no kom raug tsis yog tsuas yog ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ntev dua thiab txo cov nqi khiav lag luam thiab kev saib xyuas xwb, tab sis kuj yog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov chaw fais fab. Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, kev koom ua ke thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv no yuav ua rau cov tshuab photovoltaic muaj kev ntseeg siab ntxiv rau yav tom ntej.