Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Ib Lub Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge (SPD) Kom Yog

Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Ib Lub Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge (SPD) Kom Yog

I. Cov Qauv Xaiv Tseem Ceeb

1. Xaiv Hom SPD Raws Li Qib Kev Tiv Thaiv

• Chav Kawm I SPD (Hom 1 Kev Ntsuas): Nruab rau ntawm qhov nkag ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag faib khoom loj kom tiv taus xob laim ncaj qha lossis xob laim (tam sim no tso tawm ≥12.5kA, pom zoo 25kA ~ 100kA). Siv cov SPDs sib xyaw (GDT + MOV ua ke) uas muaj tam sim no tsis ua raws thiab hluav taws xob tsawg.
• Chav Kawm II SPD (Hom Kev Ntsuas 2): Siv rau hauv cov vaj huam sib luag faib khoom lossis chav ua haujlwm pem hauv ntej kom txwv tsis pub muaj hluav taws xob ntau dhau (tam sim no tso tawm 20kA ~ 40kA). Cov MOVs uas txwv hluav taws xob nrog cov hluav taws xob seem ≤1.5kV yog cov qauv ib txwm muaj.
• Chav Kawm III SPD (Hom Kev Ntsuas 3): Nruab ze rau cov khoom siv kawg (piv txwv li, cov servers, cov keyboards) los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv rhiab heev (tam sim no tso tawm 10kA ~ 20kA), nrog rau qhov hluav taws xob seem ≤1.2kV.

2. Sib phim cov txheej txheem ntawm lub kaw lus

• Qhov Hluav Taws Xob Ua Haujlwm Siab Tshaj Plaws (Uc): Yuav tsum yog ≥1.15 npaug ntawm qhov hluav taws xob nominal ntawm lub kaw lus (piv txwv li, xaiv Uc ≥440V rau lub kaw lus 380V) kom tsis txhob muaj qhov ua yuam kev vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob.
   
• Qib Kev Tiv Thaiv Voltage (Saum): Chav Kawm I SPD: Saum ≤2.5kV
  Chav Kawm II SPD: Txog ≤1.5kV
  Chav Kawm III SPD: Txog ≤1.2kV Xyuas kom meej txog ≤80% ntawm cov khoom siv lub zog hluav taws xob.
     
• Lub Sijhawm Teb:
  Chav Kawm I SPD: ≤25ns
  Chav Kawm II SPD: ≤25ns
  Chav Kawm III SPD: ≤1ns

3. Kev Yuav Tsum Tau Ua Hauv Av Thiab Kev Teeb Tsa

• Kev Tiv Thaiv Av: ≤4Ω (≤10Ω hauv cov av siab resistivity thaj chaw), nrog rau kev sib tshuam ntawm tus neeg xyuas av ≥25mm².
• Qhov Chaw Teeb Tsa: Tsom ntsoov rau qhov ze rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv, txo qhov ntev ntawm cov xov hlau (tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm cov xov hlau ≤0.5m) kom tsis txhob muaj qhov hluav taws xob sib tshooj.

II. Cov Kev Xav Tseem Ceeb
1. Kev Xaiv Hom SPD

• Voltage-Switching SPD (GDT): Muaj hluav taws xob ntau (≥100kA) tab sis muaj kev pheej hmoo ua raws li hluav taws xob thiab kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob; tsuas yog tsim rau Class I kev tiv thaiv.
• Voltage-Limiting SPD (MOV): Cov hluav taws xob seem tsawg tab sis yooj yim laus; yuav tsum tau saib xyuas tas li.
• Hybrid SPD: Muab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab kev txwv hom; pom zoo rau cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntau theem.

2. Kev Sib Koom Tes Hauv Cov Theem

• Qhov nrug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm SPDs sab saud thiab sab qis: ≥10m (switching + limiting) lossis ≥5m (limiting + limiting); txwv tsis pub, nruab cov khoom siv decoupling.
• Cov qauv sib koom ua ke ntawm lub zog: SPD sab saud nqus tau 80% ntawm lub zog, SPD qis dua nqus tau 20%.

3. Kev Tiv Thaiv thaub qab

• Cov cuab yeej hluav taws xob lossis cov fuses txuas nrog series (rated current ≥1.5 zaug SPD continuous current) kom tiv thaiv kev luv luv ntawm circuit.
• Xaiv cov SPDs nrog cov cim qhia txog kev puas tsuaj rau kev txiav tawm tsis siv neeg thiab lub tswb ceeb toom thaum ua tsis tiav.

4. Cov Kev Cai Tshwj Xeeb rau Qhov Xwm Txheej

• TN-C System: Siv 3+NPE lossis 3P+N hom kom tsis txhob muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm PEN kab rov ua av.
• TT System: Nruab SPD ntawm cov kab N thiab PE kom tiv thaiv qhov sib txawv rov qab.

III. Kev Ntsuas Kev Pom Zoo Tsim Qauv
1. Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Ncua: Xyuas kom tseeb tias SPD muaj peev xwm tiv taus nyob rau hauv 10 / 350μs waveform (Chav Kawm I) lossis qhov hluav taws xob seem nyob rau hauv 8 / 20μs waveform (Chav Kawm II / III).
2. Kev Ntsuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Thermal: Ntws tam sim no tas mus li rau 2 teev (50% ntawm Imax), xyuas qhov kub nce ≤60K.
3. Kev Soj Ntsuam Kev Poob Qis: Siv cov sensors uas ua rau hauv los soj ntsuam qhov hluav taws xob xau (tus nqi ib txwm

IV. Cov Yuam Kev thiab Cov Kev Daws Teeb Meem Feem Ntau  

Yuam Kev 1: Tsis quav ntsej txog hom kev sib txuas ntawm lub kaw lus, ua rau SPD tsis ua haujlwm.
Kev daws teeb meem: Rau TN systems, xaiv 3P+N; rau TT systems, xaiv 3P+PE; rau IT systems, xaiv 3P.
Yuam Kev 2: Qhov chaw SPD tsis txaus, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm theem.
Kev daws teeb meem: Tswj kom ≥10m ntawm cov SPDs sab saud/sab qis lossis teeb tsa cov decoupling inductors (≥1mH).
Yuam Kev 3: Tsis quav ntsej txog kev tiv thaiv thaub qab, muaj kev pheej hmoo hluav taws tom qab SPD luv luv.
Kev daws teeb meem: Cov fuses txuas nrog series (rated current ≥1.5 zaug SPD continuous current).

Kev Txheeb Xyuas  
Kev xaiv SPD yuav tsum tau muaj kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub cev, kev pheej hmoo ntawm xob laim, lub peev xwm tiv taus cov khoom siv, thiab qhov chaw teeb tsa. Chav Kawm I SPDs muab qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov muaj peev xwm tso tawm, thaum Chav Kawm II/III tsom mus rau kev tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob seem. Cov teeb liab SPDs yuav tsum phim cov hom interface. Kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua (piv txwv li, tam sim no xau, lub cev laus) ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv mus sij hawm ntev.