Kev Tiv Thaiv Xob laim Sab Hauv thiab Cov Khoom Siv Surge: Qhov Txawv Yog Dab Tsi?

1. Kev Sib Raug Zoo Ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Xob laim Sab Hauv thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Surge

Kev Tiv Thaiv Xob laim Sab Hauv (LPS Sab Hauv):

Qhov no yog ib feem ntawm lub kaw lus tiv thaiv xob laim. Nws suav nrog kev sib txuas ua ke rau xob laim thiab/lossis kev cais hluav taws xob ntawm lub kaw lus tiv thaiv xob laim sab nraud.

Kev Tiv Thaiv Surge (SPM):

Cov no yog cov kev ntsuas uas tau ua los tiv thaiv cov kab ke sab hauv los ntawm cov teeb liab hluav taws xob (LEMP). SPM kuj yog ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke tiv thaiv xob laim.

Raws li Daim Duab 1 hauv GB/T 21714.1, kev tiv thaiv xob laim tag nrho suav nrog ob qho tib si Lightning Protection System (LPS) thiab Surge Protection Measures (SPM). Surge protection (SPM) yog them rau hauv GB/T 21714.4, thaum kev tiv thaiv xob laim sab hauv yog ib feem ntawm LPS (uas suav nrog ob qho tib si sab nraud thiab sab hauv), thiab tau piav qhia hauv GB/T 21714.3.

Daim Duab 1 - Kev Sib Raug Zoo Ntawm Cov Cheebtsam ntawm GB / T 21714

2. Keeb kwm ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Xob laim Sab Hauv thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Surge

2.1 IEC 1024-1:1990

Hauv IEC 1024-1:1990, "Kev tiv thaiv cov qauv tiv thaiv xob laim - Ntu 1: Cov ntsiab cai dav dav", ntu 1.2.7 txhais Kev Tiv Thaiv Xob laim Sab Hauv ua txhua yam kev ntsuas ntxiv dhau ntawm lub kaw lus tiv thaiv xob laim sab nraud. Cov kev ntsuas no pab txo cov teebmeem electromagnetic ntawm cov hluav taws xob hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv. Yog li, raws li IEC 1024-1:1990, LPS sab hauv suav nrog txhua yam tsis yog LPS sab nraud - uas kuj suav nrog kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv electromagnetic pulses (LEMP).

2.2 IEC 62305-1:2006

Thaum lub sijhawm ntawm IEC 62305-1: 2006, "Kev tiv thaiv xob laim - Ntu 1: Cov ntsiab cai dav dav" (tsab ntawv thib 1), cov lus txhais tau meej dua:

3.42 Lub Tshuab Tiv Thaiv Xob Sab Hauv (LPS): Ib feem ntawm LPS uas muaj kev sib txuas sib npaug thiab/lossis kev cais hluav taws xob los ntawm LPS sab nraud. 3.49 LEMP Kev Ntsuas Kev Tiv Thaiv (LPMS): Ib lub kaw lus tag nrho ntawm kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv cov kab ke sab hauv tiv thaiv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob (LEMP).

Cov IEC 62305-1 txog 4:2006 series tau hloov cov qauv ua ntej, ua ke ntau daim ntawv IEC TC81. Nws faib cov lus txhais qub ntawm LPS sab hauv los ntawm IEC 1024 ua ob ntu: LPS sab hauv thiab LPMS (rau kev tiv thaiv LEMP). Hauv IEC 62305-1:2024, LPMS tau raug hloov npe mus rau Surge Protection Measures (SPM).

3 Kev Tiv Thaiv Xob laim Sab Hauv

Kev tiv thaiv xob laim sab hauv yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub kaw lus tiv thaiv xob laim ua haujlwm tau zoo. Yog tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv sab hauv, cov hluav taws xob uas ntws los ntawm LPS sab nraud lossis lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev yuav ua rau muaj hluav taws xob txaus ntshai. Cov hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj hluav taws, raug mob, lossis puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv. Sib nrug los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov deb sib cais, kev tiv thaiv sab hauv yog tib yam thoob plaws txhua qib kev tiv thaiv xob laim. Cov hluav taws xob yuav tshwm sim ntawm LPS sab nraud thiab cov khoom hauv qab no: Cov khoom siv hlau, Cov kab ke sab hauv ntawm lub tsev, Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sab nraud lossis cov kav dej txuas nrog lub tsev tiv thaiv.

Raws li cov qauv, cov hluav taws xob uas tshwm sim hauv thaj chaw uas muaj peev xwm tawg ntawm cov qauv yeej ib txwm suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tsim hluav taws xob, ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau siv: Kev sib txuas ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib npaug, lossis; Kev rwb thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom hlau.

Kev ntsuas kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom sib npaug (saib Daim Duab 2) suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

Cov xov hlau sib txuas, siv thaum cov kev sib txuas ntuj tsim tsis muab kev sib txuas hluav taws xob, piv txwv li, los ntawm kev txuas ncaj qha rau cov kav dej lossis cov kav dej cua sov;

Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge (SPD), siv thaum tsis tuaj yeem sib txuas ncaj qha, piv txwv li, rau cov kab hluav taws xob qis; thiab

Cov Qhov Hluav Taws Xob Uas Muaj Kev Cais Tawm (ISG), siv thaum cov neeg txuas hluav taws xob tsis raug tso cai, piv txwv li, rau cov kav dej tiv thaiv cathodic lossis cov kav dej roj.

Daim Duab 2

Kev sib txuas sib npaug rau kev tiv thaiv xob laim muaj cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no raws li ntau hom LPS sab nraud:

LPS raug cais tawm: Kev sib txuas tsuas yog ua tiav ntawm theem hauv av xwb;

LPS txuas nrog: Kev sib txuas yuav tsum tau ua tiav ntawm:

(1) Qab nthab lossis theem av, thiab;

(2) Txhua qhov chaw uas tsis tau txais kev rwb thaiv tsev lossis kev sib cais.

LPS uas muaj rwb thaiv hluav taws xob: Ntxiv rau kev sib txuas hauv av, kev sib txuas kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm cov kab ke cua lossis cov xov hlau downstream.

4 Kev Tiv Thaiv Surge

SPM yooj yim muaj cov khoom hauv qab no:

(1) Kev sib txuas ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab kev sib txuas lus

Lub kaw lus av ua thiab tso cov hluav taws xob mus rau hauv av kom zoo.

Lub network sib txuas txo qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm thiab txo cov teebmeem ntawm lub zog sib nqus.

(2) Kev tiv thaiv electromagnetic thiab kev txuas hluav taws xob kom zoo

Kev tiv thaiv qhov chaw txo cov teb sib nqus hauv LPZ uas tshwm sim los ntawm xob laim ncaj qha lossis ntaus ze ntawm lub tsev, thiab pab txo cov hluav taws xob sab hauv.

Kev tiv thaiv cov xov hlau sab hauv nrog cov xov hlau lossis cov kav dej uas tiv thaiv txo qis qhov kev nce siab uas tshwm sim.

Kev teeb tsa cov xov hluav taws xob sab hauv kom zoo yuav pab txo cov voj voog induction thiab txo cov hluav taws xob sab hauv. Kev tiv thaiv cov xov hluav taws xob sab nraud ntawm qhov nkag ntawm lub tsev kuj tseem txo cov hluav taws xob uas nkag mus rau hauv cov kab ke sab hauv.

(3) Lub kaw lus SPD sib koom ua ke

Ib lub kaw lus SPD sib koom ua ke txwv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm ob qho tib si sab nraud thiab sab hauv surges.

(4) Kev sib txuas lus cais tawm

Cov kev sib txuas lus cais tawm txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev nce siab ntawm cov kab nkag mus rau LPZ.

Yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev sib txuas ntawm av thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib npaug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov chaw nkag mus rau hauv tsev - los ntawm kev sib txuas ncaj qha lossis los ntawm kev txuas txhua qhov kev pabcuam conductive rau SPD ua ib feem ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib npaug.

(5) Siv Cov Txheej Txheem Ceeb Toom Txog Cua daj cua dub (TWS)

Kab lus 7.1 ntawm IEC 62305-1: 2024 hais tias kev qhib TWS ua raws li IEC 62793 tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tiv thaiv los ntawm kev txiav cov kev pabcuam sab nraud, pab txo qhov zaus ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab ke hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob.

5 Xaus Lus

Cov kev ntsuas sab hauv ntawm lub cev muaj lub hom phiaj los tiv thaiv kev kub hnyiab txaus ntshai, suav nrog kev sib txuas ntawm xob laim nrog SPD theem ib. Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau dhau feem ntau hais txog kev kub hnyiab uas cuam tshuam rau cov kab ke sab hauv, thiab SPDs siv rau lub hom phiaj no yuav tsum tau sib koom ua ke nrog SPD theem ib, tab sis tsis suav nrog theem ib. SPD nws tus kheej.