Cov Txheej Txheem Tseem Ceeb thiab cov qauv xeem ntawm Surge Protective Devices (SPDs)

Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge (SPD): Ib lub cuab yeej siv los txwv cov hluav taws xob overvoltages ib ntus thiab hloov cov hluav taws xob surge currents. SPDs feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov kab ke faib hluav taws xob qis thiab cov kab ke cov ntaub ntawv los tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob overvoltages, switching overvoltages, lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP), thiab electromagnetic interference (EMI) pulses. Rau kev tiv thaiv sab high-voltage tiv thaiv cov overvoltages no, cov surge arresters siv hloov.

I. Cov Qauv Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge (SPDs)

1. Qhov Siab Tshaj Plaws Ua Haujlwm Txuas Ntxiv Mus (Uc): Qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv paus-mean-square (RMS) lossis DC voltage uas tuaj yeem siv tas mus li rau SPD hom kev tiv thaiv. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntsuas voltage ntawm SPD. Tus nqi Uc cuam tshuam rau ob qho tib si lub neej ntawm SPD thiab nws qib kev tiv thaiv voltage. Kev xaiv tus nqi Uc siab dua tuaj yeem ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom ntev dua tab sis kuj tseem yuav ua rau lub zog seem ntau dua, uas yog qhov tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv.

2. Nominal Discharge Tam Sim No (Hauv): Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 8/20μs tam sim no nthwv dej uas SPD tuaj yeem tiv taus. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv rau kev xeem Class II thiab kuj ua haujlwm ua tus qauv ua ntej rau kev xeem Class I thiab II. Cov qauv SPD txhais cov nqi In, thiab cov chaw tsim khoom xaiv qib In tsim nyog rau kev xeem. Thaum SPD dhau qhov kev xeem, nws tus nqi In raug xaiv ua qib xaiv.

3. Qhov Siab Tshaj Plaws Tam Sim No (Imax) hauv Chav Kawm II Kev Ntsuas: Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 8 / 20μs nthwv dej tam sim no uas SPD tuaj yeem ua haujlwm. Txawm hais tias lub ntsiab lus zoo ib yam li In, cov qauv SPD muab cov koob sib cais rau In thiab Imax, nrog Imax > In rau tib chav kawm. Kev dhau qhov kev xeem ntawm qib In tsis lav tias SPD yuav dhau ntawm qib Imax sib xws, vim tias cov xwm txheej xeem (qhov loj tam sim no thiab tus lej ntawm cov impulses) sib txawv.

4. Tam sim no Impulse (Iimp): Lub peev xwm ntawm SPD los tiv taus lub zog hluav taws xob 10/350μs, uas muaj ob qho kev ntsuas: lub zog siab tshaj plaws (Ipeak) thiab lub zog them (Q). Qhov kev ntsuas no yog siv rau kev xeem Class I.

5. Qib Kev Tiv Thaiv Voltage (Saum): Kuj hu ua qhov hluav taws xob seem, qhov no hais txog qhov hluav taws xob hla SPD thaum lub waveform tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntws los ntawm nws tom qab qhib. Qhov siab yuav tsum qis dua qhov hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv. GB50343-2012 * Cov Cai Kev Siv rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Xob laim ntawm Lub Tsev Cov Ntaub Ntawv Hluav Taws Xob * qhia txog cov theem hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog rau ntau theem ntawm cov kab ke faib hluav taws xob qis. Cov khoom siv ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm lub zog (Uw), uas muab los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, qhia txog nws lub peev xwm rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv overvoltages. Yog li ntawd, kev xaiv SPD yuav tsum xyuas kom meej Up

II. Cov Kev Ntsuas Tseem Ceeb rau Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge (SPDs)

Cov ntu saum toj no hais txog kev xeem Class I thiab Class II. Hauv qab no yog cov txheej txheem xeem:
1. Kev Xeem Qib I: Ua los ntawm kev siv lub zog tso tawm nominal (In), lub zog hluav taws xob 1.2/50μs, thiab lub zog hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws Iimp (10/350μs xob laim nthwv dej). Yog tias lub zog hluav taws xob uas hloov pauv hauv 10 ms yog Q, lub zog siab tshaj plaws Ipeak = 0.5Q.
2. Kev Xeem Qib II: Ua los ntawm kev siv nominal discharge current (In), lub zog impulse 1.2/50μs, thiab lub zog tso tawm siab tshaj plaws Imax (8/20μs current wave).
3. Kev Xeem Qib III: Ua los ntawm kev siv nthwv dej ua ke, txhais tias yog 1.2 / 50μs qhib-circuit voltage (Uoc) thiab 8 / 20μs luv-circuit tam sim no (Isc) tsim los ntawm 2Ω ua ke nthwv dej generator.

Cov pawg xeem no tsis yog hierarchical thiab yog li ntawd tsis tuaj yeem sib piv ncaj qha. Cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem xaiv ib chav kawm xeem rau kev lees paub. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob, kev xaiv SPDs uas tau sim hauv Class I lossis Class II yuav tsum ua raws li:

IEC 61024: Hais txog kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg tiv thaiv xob laim hauv cov tsev, suav nrog kev xaiv cov theem tiv thaiv xob laim (LPS).

IEC 61312: Kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv xob laim electromagnetic pulses (LEMP), suav nrog cov kev cai rau kev tiv thaiv lub tsev, kev sib txuas hauv av, thiab kev sib txuas equipotential.

IEC 62305: Muab cov lus qhia rau kev tsim cov tshuab tiv thaiv xob laim, ua ke cov ntsiab cai dav dav thiab cov kev cai rau kev tiv thaiv xob laim.