Xyoo tas los no, lub peev xwm thoob ntiaj teb ntawm photovoltaic tau tshaj 350GW, nrog rau Tuam Tshoj pab txhawb ntau dua ib feem peb. Cov thev naus laus zis ntsuab no uas hloov lub hnub ci mus ua hluav taws xob tau pom nws cov nqi poob qis los ntawm 80% hauv kaum xyoo, tab sis nws ntsib kev hem thawj ntawm xob laim - lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv Arizona, Tebchaws Meskas, ib zaug poob $ 2 lab vim yog xob laim. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua "khoom siv cawm siav" ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, coj kaum txhiab volts ntawm xob laim hluav taws xob mus rau hauv av los ntawm peb theem kev tiv thaiv network. Cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev lag luam tau taw qhia tias thaum lub zog ntawm cov kab ke photovoltaic nce mus txog 1500V, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tab tom coj mus rau hauv kev hloov pauv thev naus laus zis hauv cov ntaub ntawv silicon carbide.

1.Lub zog photovoltaic: lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog huv

1.1 Lub Tshuab Photovoltaic yog dab tsi?

Lub tshuab photovoltaic yog ib lub cuab yeej uas hloov lub zog hnub ci mus ua hluav taws xob ncaj qha. Nws feem ntau muaj cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv qab no:

- Cov modules photovoltaic (cov vaj huam sib luag hnub ci): Siv cov teebmeem photoelectric ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor (xws li monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, lossis cov yeeb yaj kiab nyias) los tsim cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha.

- Inverters: Hloov cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov hluav taws xob hloov pauv rau kev siv hauv tsev lossis kev lag luam.

- Cov txheej txheem mounting: Ruaj ntseg cov photovoltaic modules thiab ua kom zoo dua lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev txais lub hnub ci.

- Cov roj teeb cia khoom (xaiv tau): Khaws cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau kom txhim kho kev siv hluav taws xob.

- Cov txheej txheem faib khoom thiab saib xyuas: Xyuas kom muaj zog ruaj khov thiab saib xyuas lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tiag tiag.

Cov tshuab photovoltaic tuaj yeem muab faib ua hom txuas nrog grid (txuas nrog lub zog pej xeem) thiab hom off-grid (kev muab hluav taws xob ywj pheej), thiab siv dav hauv cov ru tsev nyob, cov tsev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, cov chaw hluav taws xob loj hauv av, thiab kev muab hluav taws xob hauv thaj chaw deb.

1.2 Kev Txhim Kho Thoob Ntiaj Teb ntawm Cov Tshuab Photovoltaic

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, lub ntiaj teb photovoltaic kev lag luam tau pom kev loj hlob sai heev:

- Qhov ntsuas kev teeb tsa: Lub peev xwm teeb tsa tshiab thoob ntiaj teb tau tshaj 350 GW hauv xyoo 2023, nrog rau Tuam Tshoj, Tebchaws Europe, thiab Tebchaws Meskas yog peb lub khw loj tshaj plaws.

- Txo tus nqi: Tus nqi ntawm cov photovoltaic modules tau poob qis dua 80% piv rau 10 xyoo dhau los, thiab hauv qee thaj chaw, tus nqi hluav taws xob sib npaug (LCOE) tau poob qis dua 0.03 Asmeskas duas las ib kWh.

- Kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm thev naus laus zis: Kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm ntawm N-hom TOPCon thiab HJT hlwb tau tshaj 25%, thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv chav kuaj ntawm perovskite thev naus laus zis tau tshaj 33%.

2. Lub luag haujlwm thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab photovoltaic: txhawb kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob

2.1 Cov txiaj ntsig ib puag ncig: Txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab daws teeb meem kev hloov pauv huab cua

Kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic tsis muaj kuab paug kiag li thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem. Txhua lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic 1MW tuaj yeem txo cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ntawm 1,000 tons txhua xyoo, uas sib npaug rau kev cog 50,000 tsob ntoo. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic thoob ntiaj teb tau txo cov pa roj carbon ntau dua 1 billion tons.

2.2 Cov Txiaj Ntsig Kev Lag Luam: Txo Cov Nqi Hluav Taws Xob thiab Tsim Cov Haujlwm

- Rau Tsev Neeg thiab Cov Lag Luam: Los ntawm tus qauv "Self-Consumption + Surplus Power to Grid", cov neeg siv tuaj yeem txuag tau 30% txog 90% ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob.

- Lub Tswv Yim Hauv Tebchaws: Tuam Tshoj Txoj Kev Npaj Tsib Xyoo Thib 14 tau hais tias feem pua ​​ntawm lub zog rov ua dua tshiab hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob yuav nce mus txog 33% txog xyoo 2025, thiab kev lag luam photovoltaic yuav tsim ntau dua 3 lab txoj haujlwm.

2.3 Kev Ruaj Ntseg Zog: Kev Dim Ntawm Kev Cia Siab Rau Roj Fossil

Tom qab kev tsov rog ntawm Lavxias thiab Ukraine, Tebchaws Europe tau ua kom nws txoj kev npaj "photovoltaic + energy storage". Xyoo 2023, lub peev xwm tshiab tau tshaj 60 GW, lub hom phiaj yog kom txo nws txoj kev vam khom rau roj av.

2.4 Tus Nqi Hauv Zej Zog: Kev daws teeb meem hluav taws xob hauv thaj chaw uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob

Hauv cov cheeb tsam nyob deb ntawm Africa, South Asia thiab lwm thaj chaw, cov tshuab photovoltaic off-grid tau muab hluav taws xob rau ntau dua 200 lab tus tib neeg, txhim kho cov kev pabcuam pej xeem xws li kev kho mob thiab kev kawm.

3. Kev hem thawj tsis pom tseeb rau cov tshuab photovoltaic: kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nce siab tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej

Txawm hais tias cov tshuab photovoltaic muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo, lawv cov yam ntxwv teeb tsa sab nraum zoov ua rau lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo loj heev (hluav taws xob surge)

3.1 Cov Chaw thiab Kev Phom Sij ntawm Kev Nce Hluav Taws Xob

• Xob laim ntaus: Xob laim ntaus ncaj qha los yog xob laim ua rau muaj hluav taws xob ntau tam sim ntawd ntawm kaum txhiab volts, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov inverters, cov khoom, lossis ua rau muaj hluav taws.

• Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub network: Kev hloov pauv haujlwm, kev hloov pauv tam sim ntawd ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj hluav taws xob ntau dhau, ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rhiab heev puas tsuaj.

• DC sab arcs: Qhov hluav taws xob DC siab hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic (600V - 1500V) ua rau nws yooj yim rau cov arcs tsis tu ncua tshwm sim vim yog kev laus lossis kev sib cuag tsis zoo hauv cov kab, ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj.

Cov ntaub ntawv: Xyoo 2022, lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic hauv Arizona, Tebchaws Meskas, tau raug kev puas tsuaj rau nws cov inverters vim yog xob laim, ua rau muaj kev poob ncaj qha tshaj 2 lab daus las Asmeskas.

3.2 Lub Luag Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge (SPD)

Lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov (SPD) yog "tus saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb" ntawm lub photovoltaic system. Nws ua kom muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm lub system los ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab no

3.2.1 Kev Tso Tawm ntawm High Voltage

Nws xa cov xob laim lossis cov hluav taws xob nce mus rau hauv av kom txwv qhov hluav taws xob hauv qhov chaw nyab xeeb.

3.2.2 Kev Tiv Thaiv Ntau Qib

• Qib 1 (ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub photovoltaic array): Nws teb rau kev ntaus ncaj qha los ntawm xob laim, nrog rau lub peev xwm nqa tam sim no ntau dua 20kA.

• Theem 2 (ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub inverter): Nws tswj cov hluav taws xob seem thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom siv tseem ceeb.

• Theem 3 (ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev faib khoom): Nws muab kev tiv thaiv kom meej kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob kawg.

3.2.3 Kev Saib Xyuas Txawj Ntse

Cov tswb ceeb toom tiag tiag thiab cov ceeb toom txog lub neej ntev, txo cov nqi khiav lag luam thiab kev txij nkawm.

4. Vim li cas ho xaiv peb lub tshuab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob? — Tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuab photovoltaic

Ua tus thawj coj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov hauv kev lag luam, peb cov khoom muaj cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb hauv qab no

4.1 Kev hloov kho txuj ci kev tshaj lij rau cov kev xav tau photovoltaic

- Kev kam rau siab voltage siab: Txhawb nqa 1500V DC system, siab tshaj qhov txwv 1000V ntawm cov SPDs ib txwm muaj.

- Kev tiv thaiv DC arc: Ua-hauv lub cuab yeej hluav taws xob ceev ceev, lub sijhawm teb

- Kev tiv thaiv huab cua muaj zog: IP65 qib tiv thaiv, ua haujlwm hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntau ntawm -40 ℃ txog 85 ℃, haum rau cov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav xws li suab puam thiab thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv.

4.2 Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab Kev Ua Raws Cai

- Tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj thoob ntiaj teb xws li TUV, UL, thiab IEC 61643-31, ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm EU CE, US NEC 690 thiab lwm yam kev cai.

- Ua tiav cov ntawv qhia txog kev taug qab cov khoom siv silicon, yooj yim ua tau raws li cov kev cai tshuaj xyuas ntawm US UFLPA.

4.3 Kev Txhim Kho Cov Kev Pabcuam Ntxiv Kom Txhim Kho Kev Paub Zoo Rau Cov Neeg Siv Khoom

- Kev Dais Teeb Meem Tshwj Xeeb: Tsim cov qib kev tiv thaiv raws li huab cua hauv zos thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm lub network (xws li kev teeb tsa zoo dua rau thaj chaw uas muaj cua daj cua dub ntau zaus).

- Kev Saib Xyuas Chaw Taws Teeb: Xaiv tau IoT module tuaj yeem koom ua ke rau hauv lub photovoltaic kev ua haujlwm thiab kev txij nkawm platform kom ua tiav qhov kev ceeb toom ua ntej qhov yuam kev.

- Cov lus teb sai: Cov khoom seem khaws cia rau hauv cov chaw khaws khoom txawv teb chaws, thiab kev txhawb nqa kev txawj ntse yuav muab rau hauv 48 teev.

Cov Neeg Siv Khoom Cov Ntaub Ntawv:

- Muab kev daws teeb meem SPD tiav rau lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic 300MW hauv Saudi Arabia, tsis muaj xob laim li ntawm peb xyoos.

- Tom qab cov neeg muag khoom photovoltaic hauv tsev German tau yuav nws, tus nqi tsis txaus siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tau txo qis 90%.

5. Saib rau yav tom ntej: PV thiab kev tiv thaiv surge tsim ua ke

Raws li thev naus laus zis photovoltaic txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov hluav taws xob siab dua (xws li 2000V systems) thiab kev txawj ntse ntau dua, cov khoom tiv thaiv kev poob siab kuj tseem yuav raug hloov kho dua tshiab tib lub sijhawm:

- Kev Txawj Ntse: AI kwv yees qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm xob laim thiab hloov kho cov tswv yim tiv thaiv.

- Kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov khoom siv: Cov khoom siv Silicon Carbide (SiC) ua kom cov lus teb ceev thiab lub neej ntev dua.

- Kev koom ua ke ntawm lub kaw lus: Kev koom tes tob nrog cov inverters thiab cov tshuab khaws cia hluav taws xob los tsim kom muaj "active + passive" kev tiv thaiv kev sib koom ua ke.

Xaus lus

Xaiv kev tiv thaiv txhim khu kev qha los tiv thaiv yav tom ntej ntawm photovoltaics

Lub tshuab photovoltaic yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv lub zog ntsuab, thiab lub tshuab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yog "kab tiv thaiv tsis pom" rau nws txoj haujlwm ruaj khov mus sij hawm ntev. Peb cog lus tias yuav muab cov kev daws teeb meem SPD uas pheej yig thiab txhim khu kev qha rau cov neeg siv khoom thoob ntiaj teb, pab txhua lub zog hluav taws xob huv mus txog nws qhov chaw nyab xeeb.