Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge rau PV Systems - SPDs Installation
1. Cov Yam Cuam Tshuam Rau Kev Teeb tsa SPD
Qhov hluav taws xob ntau dhau hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic (PV) ru tsev feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm xob laim ncaj qha (rau ntawm lossis ze ntawm lub tsev lossis cov khoom siv PV nrog LPS), hluav taws xob los ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob cuam tshuam nrog xob laim, lossis kev ua haujlwm hloov pauv hauv cov tes hauj lwm faib hluav taws xob AC / DC. Txhawm rau ntsuas qhov xav tau kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab txiav txim siab txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv tsim nyog, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob impulse withstand voltage (Uw) ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau siv ua qhov siv. Tshwj tsis yog tias tau teev tseg lwm yam los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo, SPDs yuav tsum tau teeb tsa rau ob sab DC thiab AC ntawm lub tshuab PV.
Cov khoom siv hauv lub PV system uas yuav xav tau kev tiv thaiv suav nrog:
Cov inverters, suav nrog cov interfaces rau ob qho tib si lub tshuab AC qis thiab lub tshuab DC, PV arrays, cov xov hlau sab hauv PV system, cov khoom ntsia nruab nrab ntawm inverter thiab PV arrays, xws li lub thawv combiner; cov khoom siv siv rau kev saib xyuas thiab tswj hwm lub tshuab PV.
Raws li IEC 61643-12 thiab cov ntu tseem ceeb ntawm GB / T 21714, kev xaiv thiab kev teeb tsa SPDs rau PV systems nyob ntawm ntau yam. Cov no suav nrog qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb hauv av (NG) [1 / km² · xyoo] lossis tus lej nruab nrab ntawm cov hnub cua daj cua dub hauv ib xyoos (T), cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob qis (piv txwv li, cov kab saum toj kawg nkaus lossis cov xov hlau hauv av) thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv raug tiv thaiv, seb puas muaj Lub Tshuab Tiv Thaiv Xob Ntxig Sab Nraud (LPS) raug teeb tsa los tiv thaiv lub PV system los ntawm kev tawm tsam xob laim ncaj qha.
Yog tias muaj LPS sab nraud, qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm SPD yog nyob ntawm qib kev tiv thaiv (Chav Kawm) ntawm LPS thiab seb qhov deb sib cais (S) ntawm LPS thiab lub PV system puas raug tswj (LPS cais tawm piv rau LPS uas tsis cais tawm).
2. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm Cov Kev Teeb tsa LPS Sab Nraud Sib Txawv rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Xob laim rau PV Systems
Kev teeb tsa SPD rau cov kab ke PV ru tsev feem ntau poob rau hauv peb pawg, raws li qhov muaj thiab hom LPS sab nraud:
(1) Cov Tshuab PV Tsis Muaj LPS Sab Nraud
Raws li pom hauv daim duab (tsis suav nrog ntawm no), yog tias lub tsev tsis muaj lub kaw lus tiv thaiv xob laim sab nraud, SPDs yuav tsum tau teeb tsa raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo xob laim. Nws raug pom zoo kom teeb tsa cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm ob sab AC thiab DC los tiv thaiv cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm PV.
Rau sab DC, yuav tsum muaj Hom 2 DC SPD (hu ua DC1) ntsia ze ntawm lub thawv PV combiner lossis lub PV array (yog tias tsis siv lub thawv combiner). Lub SPD no tiv thaiv lub tsev los ntawm cov hluav taws xob sab nraud uas xa los ntawm cov cables PV thiab feem ntau ntsia tom qab cov cables PV nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev. Lwm Hom 2 DC SPD (hu ua DC2) ntsia ze ntawm qhov nkag DC ntawm lub inverter. Yog tias qhov ntev ntawm cable ntawm DC1 thiab lub inverter tsawg dua 10 meters, DC1 yuav raug tshem tawm.
Rau sab AC, hom 2 AC SPD (hu ua AC1) raug pom zoo ntawm qhov nkag AC mains, feem ntau nyob ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag faib khoom loj. Lub cuab yeej no tiv thaiv kev nce siab los ntawm lub grid hluav taws xob. Seb AC1 puas xav tau hauv lub kaw lus tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv xob laim sab nraud nyob ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo xob laim. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub inverter kim, hom 2 AC SPD (hu ua AC2) feem ntau raug ntsia ze ntawm qhov tso zis AC ntawm lub inverter. Yog tias qhov ntev ntawm cable ntawm AC1 thiab AC2 tsawg dua 10 meters, AC2 yuav raug tshem tawm. Thov saib daim ntawv teeb tsa kom paub meej ntxiv.
(2) Cov Tshuab PV nrog LPS Sab Nraud Uas Ua Tau Raws Li Qhov Kev Sib Cais Uas Yuav Tsum Tau Ua (LPS Cais)
Raws li pom hauv daim duab, thaum lub tsev muaj lub kaw lus tiv thaiv xob laim sab nraud (xws li cov pas nrig cua lossis cov ntaub nplaum) thiab lub ru tsev PV array raug tiv thaiv los ntawm lub kaw lus no nrog kev sib cais kom raug, lub kaw lus PV raug suav hais tias muaj LPS cais. Txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev txhim kho SPDs tseem tsim nyog.
Rau cov tshuab uas muaj LPS cais tawm, qhov kev teeb tsa SPD zoo ib yam li cov tshuab uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv xob laim sab nraud. Yuav tsum teeb tsa Hom 2 DC SPD ze ntawm lub thawv combiner, lossis ze ntawm PV array yog tias tsis siv lub thawv combiner. Yuav tsum muab lwm Hom 2 DC SPD tso ze ntawm sab DC ntawm lub inverter, thiab Hom 2 AC SPD ze ntawm sab AC ntawm lub inverter. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias lub tshuab PV txuas rau hauv thiab tawm ntawm lub tsev, kuj xav tau Hom 1 AC SPD ntawm lub rooj faib hluav taws xob AC loj uas lub zog hluav taws xob nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev. Saib daim ntawv teeb tsa kom paub meej txog kev teeb tsa.
(3) Cov Tshuab PV nrog LPS Sab Nraud uas Tsis Ua Tau Raws Li Qhov Kev Sib Cais Uas Yuav Tsum Tau Ua (LPS Tsis Cais)
Hauv cov tshuab PV ru tsev uas cov vaj huam sib luag nyob ze rau lub tshuab tiv thaiv xob laim sab nraud (LPS) thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov kev nyab xeeb uas xav tau, txhua qhov hlau ntawm lub tshuab PV yuav tsum txuas nrog LPS kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib txuas hluav taws xob sib npaug. Qhov no yog txoj hauv kev siv rau kev tiv thaiv xob laim ru tsev. Hauv qhov kev teeb tsa no, ob qho tib si AC thiab DC cables raug kho zoo li cov neeg sib txuas sib luag hauv lub tshuab sib txuas, uas txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem raug cuam tshuam ncaj qha los ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no. Yog vim li cas IEC pom zoo kom siv Hom 1 surge protective devices (SPDs) - feem ntau ua ke nrog Hom 2 SPDs - ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv lub tshuab: qhov twg cov PV cables nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev, thiab ntawm ob sab AC thiab DC ntawm cov khoom siv tseem ceeb xws li lub inverter.
Raws li pom hauv daim duab, DC1 yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ze li ze tau rau lub thawv sib txuas, lossis ze rau lub PV array yog tias tsis muaj lub thawv sib txuas. DC2 thiab AC2 yuav tsum tau muab tso ze rau lub inverter kom muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua. Feem ntau, AC1 (ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag tseem ceeb) thiab AC2 (nyob ze lub inverter) yog qhov xav tau. Tab sis yog tias lub inverter tau teeb tsa sab hauv lub vaj huam sib luag tseem ceeb thiab lawv sib koom tib lub hauv av, nrog cov cable ntev tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5 meters, ces AC2 yuav tsis tsim nyog. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas lub rooj rau cov lus qhia txog kev teeb tsa kom ntxaws.
1: DC1 yuav raug tshem tawm raws li cov xwm txheej hauv qab no: Yog tias qhov ntev ntawm DC1 thiab lub inverter tsawg dua 10 meters, thiab qib tiv thaiv voltage (Up) ntawm AC2 tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.8 npaug ntawm PV array qhov ntsuas impulse withstand voltage (Uw); lossis yog tias Up ntawm AC2 tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.5 npaug Uw thiab tus neeg xyuas pib PE (protective earth) raug xa mus ze rau cov xov hlau DC.
2: AC2 yuav raug tshem tawm raws li cov xwm txheej hauv qab no: Yog tias qhov ntev ntawm AC1 thiab AC2 tsawg dua 10 meters; lossis yog tias lub inverter thiab lub rooj tsavxwm faib khoom tseem ceeb sib koom tib lub electrode av, thiab cov xov hlau sib txuas SPD txhua tus tsis ntev tshaj 0.5 meters - piv txwv li, yog tias lub inverter tau teeb tsa sab hauv lub vaj huam sib luag tseem ceeb.
3: Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm thaj chaw hla rau cov neeg hlau SPD av: Rau Hom 2 SPDs, tus neeg hlau tooj liab av yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 6 mm²; rau Hom 1 SPDs, nws yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 16 mm².
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm DC-sab SPDs hauv cov tshuab PV ru tsev feem ntau nyob ntawm seb lub tsev tiv thaiv los ntawm xob laim li cas thiab lub tshuab txuas hluav taws xob li cas. Raws li cov lus teeb tsa thiab IEC cov qauv, yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm sab DC ntawm lub inverter tas li. Tab sis cov SPDs ntxiv ze ntawm lub thawv combiner—lossis ze ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag PV yog tias tsis muaj lub thawv combiner—tsuas yog xav tau yog tias txoj hlua ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag thiab lub inverter ntev dua 10 meters.
Txawm hais li ntawd los, qhov no tsis yog li cas nws ua nyob txhua qhov chaw. Hauv qee lub tebchaws - piv txwv li Lub Tebchaws Yelemees - cov cai yeej yog qhov sib txawv. Nyob ntawd, DC surge protection yeej ib txwm ntsia ze ntawm cov PV panels, thiab koj tsuas yog yuav tsum ntxiv ib qho ze ntawm lub inverter yog tias lub cable khiav dhau 10 meters.