Ⅰ. Yog dab tsi lub nce siab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv (SPDs)?

 

Ib lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (SPD) yog ib lub cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob siv los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob ib ntus, xws li cov uas tshwm sim los ntawm xob laim, kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, lossis kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev hloov khoom siv. Nws ua kom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm ruaj khov, ua kom lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv ntev dua, thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev txwv kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob ib ntus thiab hloov cov hluav taws xob mus rau hauv av.

 

Cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau yog siv dav hauv cov tshuab fais fab, kev sib txuas lus, kev lag luam automation, cov khoom siv hauv tsev thiab lwm yam teb, thiab yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob.

 

1.1 Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm Surge Protector

 

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev poob siab yog nrhiav thiab tswj kev overvoltage. Nws txoj cai ua haujlwm feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem hauv qab no.

 

1.1.1 Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob

Thaum lub zog hluav taws xob hauv lub voj voog tshaj qhov ntsuas tau teem tseg, cov khoom tsis sib xws hauv lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev co (xws li varistors, cov raj xa roj lossis cov diodes transient) ua haujlwm sai, txwv qhov overvoltage hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg nyab xeeb.

 

1.1.2 Lub zog Kev tso tawm

Tus tiv thaiv kev nce siab xa cov zog uas tsim los ntawm kev overvoltage los ntawm lub kaw lus grounding mus rau hauv av, tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv.

 

1.1.3 Tsis siv neeg kev rov zoo

Qee cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem rov qab ua haujlwm li qub tom qab muaj teeb meem hluav taws xob ntau dhau, thaum lwm tus yuav tsum tau hloov tes lossis pib dua.

 

1.2 Yuav ua li cas mus rau xaiv ib qho tiv thaiv hluav taws xob

Thaum xaiv lub tshuab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob uas tsim nyog, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau xav txog.

 

1.2.1 Hluav taws xob theem 

Qhov voltage uas tau ntsuas ntawm lub tshuab tiv thaiv kev co yuav tsum phim qhov voltage ntawm lub kaw lus tiv thaiv, xws li 220V AC system lossis 48V DC system.

 

1.2.2 Tam sim no muaj peev xwm (Hauv/Iimp)

 

Qhov no qhia txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hluav taws xob surge current uas lub surge protector tuaj yeem tiv taus, feem ntau ntsuas hauv kA (txhiab amperes), thiab SPDs uas muaj peev xwm tam sim no siab dua yuav tsum tau xaiv rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj xob laim ntau zaus.

 

1.2.3 Cov lus teb lub sijhawm

  

Lub sijhawm teb luv dua, qhov zoo dua qhov kev tiv thaiv. SPDs nrog lub sijhawm teb nanosecond yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob precision.

 

1.2.4 Kev Tiv Thaiv hom

 

Xaiv ib theem, peb theem lossis ua ke tiv thaiv hom (xws li LN, L-PE, N-PE, thiab lwm yam) raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub kaw lus.

 

1.2.5 Kev teeb tsa qhov chaw

  

Raws li tus qauv IEC 61643, cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab faib ua Hom 1 (nkag mus rau hauv tsev), Hom 2 (lub thawv faib khoom), thiab Hom 3 (qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv).

 

1.2.6 Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj cov qauv

 

Xaiv cov khoom uas ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb (xws li UL 1449, IEC 61643) kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab.

 

1.3 Yuav ua li cas mus rau nruab ib lub tshuab tiv thaiv hluav taws xob

 

Kev teeb tsa kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom lub tshuab tiv thaiv kev co ua haujlwm tau zoo:

 

1.3.1 Kev teeb tsa qhov chaw nyob:

 

- Hom 1 SPD yuav tsum tau teeb tsa rau hauv lub vaj huam sib luag faib hluav taws xob tseem ceeb lossis ntawm txoj kab nkag ntawm lub tsev kom tiv thaiv tau xob laim ncaj qha lossis xob laim uas ua rau muaj hluav taws xob.

- Hom 2 SPD tau teeb tsa rau hauv lub vaj huam sib luag faib khoom thib ob los muab kev tiv thaiv thib ob.

- Hom 3 SPD raug teeb tsa ze rau cov khoom siv rhiab heev xws li cov servers thiab cov khoom siv sib txuas lus.

 

1.3.2 Txoj kev txuas hluav taws xob:

 

Siv cov xov hlau luv thiab tuab rau kev sib txuas kom txo qhov impedance.

Xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev tiv thaiv av ua tau raws li tus qauv (feem ntau ≤ 10Ω).

 

1.3.3 Kev sib txuas ua ke thiab sib txuas ua ke:

 

- Feem ntau cov SPDs raug teeb tsa ua ke, uas tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ntawm lub voj voog.

- Qee cov SPD tshwj xeeb (xws li hom lim dej) yuav raug teeb tsa ua ntu zus.

 

1.3.4 Kev Txij Nkawm thiab hloov pauv:

 

- Tshawb xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm SPD tsis tu ncua. Qee cov SPDs muaj lub cim qhia txog lub neej (piv txwv li, lub qhov rais liab qhia txog kev ua tsis tiav).

- Txawm tias qhov tsos zoo li qub tom qab muaj ntau zaus cuam tshuam los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob, nws yuav tsum tau hloov.

 

Ⅱ. DC/AC tiv thaiv hluav taws xob

 

2.1 DC Nce siab Tus Tiv Thaiv

 

2.1.1 Lub Tswv Yim ntawm DC Surge Protector

 

Tus DC Surge Protector (DC SPD) yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuab fais fab DC thiab siv los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv DC xws li cov tshuab photovoltaic hnub ci, cov chaw them fais fab tsheb, cov chaw sib txuas lus, thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws xob. Vim tias hluav taws xob DC tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tas li, kev tsim qauv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob rau DC yuav tsum xav txog qhov hluav taws xob tas mus li thiab cov yam ntxwv polarity.

 

2.1.2 Ua haujlwm Lub Ntsiab Cai ntawm DC Surge Protector

 

• Kev tsim qauv uas rhiab rau polarity: Lub polarity voltage ntawm DC system yog kho. Lub SPD yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo tsuas yog thaum cov ncej zoo thiab cov ncej tsis zoo raug txuas kom raug.

• Muaj peev xwm tiv taus hluav taws xob tas mus li: Tsis zoo li AC SPD, DC SPD yuav tsum tiv taus hluav taws xob ruaj khov ntev yam tsis ua haujlwm.

• Cov thev naus laus zis tshwj xeeb rau kev tua hluav taws xob arc: DC hluav taws xob tsis muaj qhov chaw hla xoom ntuj, thiab qhov arc nyuaj rau tua. Yog li ntawd, DC SPD yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej tua hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb (xws li kev tua hluav taws xob magnetic blowout arc).

 

2.1.3 Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm DC Surge Protector

 

- Tiv thaiv cov vaj huam sib luag photovoltaic hnub ci, inverters thiab cov tshuab khaws cia hluav taws xob los ntawm xob laim thiab kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob.

- Xyuas kom meej tias cov chaw them fais fab ntawm lub tsheb ua haujlwm ruaj khov, tiv thaiv kev poob siab ntawm cov hluav taws xob siab kom tsis txhob ua rau lub kaw lus tswj roj teeb puas tsuaj.

- Lav qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm DC fais fab mov rau cov chaw nres tsheb sib txuas lus thiab cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm.

 

2.2 AC Nce siab Tus Tiv Thaiv

 

2.2.1 Lub Tswv Yim ntawm AC Surge Protector

 

Tus AC Surge Protector (AC SPD) yog siv los tiv thaiv lub zog AC (xws li cov tsev, cov chaw tsim khoom, cov tsev lag luam, thiab lwm yam) ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev cuam tshuam. Vim yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm AC hluav taws xob, tus qauv SPD yuav tsum tau hloov kho rau qhov zaus (50Hz/60Hz) thiab kev hloov pauv theem.

 

2.2.2 Ua haujlwm Lub Ntsiab Cai ntawm AC Surge Protector

 

• Kev Hloov Kho Theem: Lub AC SPD yuav tsum muaj peev xwm clamp lub voltage ntawm txhua theem.

• Teb ​​sai: Lub zaus AC siab heev, yog li lub sijhawm teb SPD yuav tsum luv heev (qib nanosecond).

• Pib dua tsis siv neeg: Qee cov AC SPDs tuaj yeem rov qab tau tom qab muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tes.

 

2.3 Yuav ua li cas Kom raug Xaiv DC lossis AC Surge Protector

 

• Qhia hom kab ke: Ua ntej txiav txim siab seb nws yog DC lossis AC system.

• Soj ntsuam qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws xob: Hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj xob laim ntau zaus, xaiv qib kev tiv thaiv siab dua (xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Hom 1 thiab Hom 2).

• Sib phim cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau ua: Rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas raug, xaiv SPDs uas teb tau sai dua.

• Sab laj nrog cov kws tshaj lij: Rau cov kab ke nyuaj (xws li kev muab hluav taws xob sib xyaw), nws raug pom zoo kom muaj tus kws ua haujlwm tsim txoj kev npaj tiv thaiv.

III. Xaus lus

Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob. Txawm hais tias siv DC lossis AC, kev xaiv SPD tsim nyog thiab kev teeb tsa kom raug tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom siv. Nrog rau kev tsim kho lub zog tshiab, tsheb fais fab, thiab cov ntse grids, qhov kev thov rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tam sim no nce ntxiv, thaum cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob AC tseem yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev lag luam thiab hluav taws xob hauv tsev. Los ntawm kev xaiv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev teeb tsa tus qauv, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yuav dhau los ua "cov neeg tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb" txhim khu kev qha rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob.