Kev Taw Qhia

Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb ntawm lub zog, cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic (hnub ci), vim lawv cov yam ntxwv huv, rov ua dua tshiab, thiab ruaj khov, tab tom dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog tshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov tshuab photovoltaic ntsib ntau yam kev hem thawj hluav taws xob xws li xob laim, kev hloov pauv ntawm lub grid, thiab kev tso tawm electrostatic, uas yuav ua rau cov khoom siv puas tsuaj, kaw lub kaw lus, thiab txawm tias muaj qhov tshwm sim loj xws li hluav taws. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (Surge Protective Device, SPD) ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov overvoltages thiab cov hluav taws xob surge, kom ntseeg tau tias lub kaw lus ua haujlwm ruaj khov. Tsab xov xwm no yuav tshawb nrhiav tob txog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, cov ntsiab cai kev siv tshuab, cov qauv xaiv, thiab cov qauv kev lag luam ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic, txhawm rau pab cov kws tshaj lij kev lag luam nkag siab zoo dua txog lawv qhov tseem ceeb.

Ⅰ. Kev hem thawj hluav taws xob uas cov Photovoltaic Systems ntsib thiab qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev tiv thaiv Surge

1.1 Cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib puag ncig hluav taws xob ntawm lub photovoltaic system

Cov tshuab photovoltaic feem ntau raug teeb tsa sab nraum zoov thiab raug rau cov chaw nyuaj, ua rau lawv muaj kev phom sij rau cov kev hem thawj hluav taws xob hauv qab no.

1.1.1 Xob laim ntaus

Xob laim ncaj qha los yog xob laim ua rau muaj peev xwm tsim cov hluav taws xob siab heev hauv cov photovoltaic arrays, inverters, thiab cov tshuab faib hluav taws xob.

1.1.2 Kev Hloov Pauv Overvoltage

Kev hloov pauv ntawm lub grid, kev hloov pauv load, lossis inverter pib-nres yuav ua rau muaj hluav taws xob ntau dhau.

1.1.3 Kev Tawm Hluav Taws Xob (ESD)

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav, kev sib sau ua ke ntawm static yuav ua rau puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

1.1.4 Kev Hloov Pauv ntawm Grid

Kev nce hluav taws xob tam sim ntawd, poob qis, lossis kev cuam tshuam harmonic yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj khov ntawm lub kaw lus.

1.2 Tej Yam Txaus Ntshai Ua rau los ntawm Surge Currents rau Photovoltaic Systems

Yog tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev nce siab zoo, lub photovoltaic system yuav ntsib cov teeb meem hauv qab no:

- Kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv: Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xws li cov inverters, cov maub los, thiab cov txheej txheem saib xyuas muaj kev phom sij rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab tej zaum yuav ua haujlwm tsis zoo.

- Kev txo qis kev tsim hluav taws xob: Kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob ntau zaus yuav ua rau lub kaw lus kaw, txo cov hluav taws xob tsim tawm.

- Kev phom sij rau kev nyab xeeb: Qhov hluav taws xob ntau dhau yuav ua rau muaj hluav taws xob, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau tib neeg lub neej thiab khoom vaj khoom tsev.

1.3 Lub Hauv Paus Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Surge

Lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob surge protector no muaj peev xwm tso tawm cov hluav taws xob surge current sai sai thiab txwv tsis pub overvoltage, kom ntseeg tau tias txhua yam ntawm lub photovoltaic system ua haujlwm hauv qhov voltage uas muaj kev nyab xeeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev ntseeg tau thiab lub neej ntawm lub photovoltaic system.

Ⅱ. Ua haujlwm Lub Ntsiab Cai thiab Kev Faib Tawm Txog Kev Tiv Thaiv Surge

2.1 Yooj Yim Ua haujlwm Lub Ntsiab Cai ntawm Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Surge

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm SPD yog los ntes overvoltage hauv nanosecond timeframes thiab tiv thaiv lub kaw lus los ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• Kev clamping voltage: Siv cov khoom xws li varistors (MOV) thiab cov raj xa roj (GDT) los txwv qhov overvoltage mus rau qib nyab xeeb.

• Kev tshem tawm zog: Hloov cov hluav taws xob mus rau hauv av kom tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob ntws mus rau hauv cov khoom siv.

• Rov qab ua haujlwm tsis siv neeg: Qee cov SPDs tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau lawv lub xeev ua haujlwm ib txwm tom qab muaj kev nce siab.

2.2 Kev Txawj Ntse Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge Tshwj Xeeb rau Cov Tshuab Photovoltaic

Vim yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuab photovoltaic, SPD ntawm cov kab ke no yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li cov hauv qab no:

- Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob siab: Lub zog DC ntawm lub photovoltaic array tuaj yeem ncav cuag siab dua 1000V, thiab SPD yuav tsum tau phim nrog qib hluav taws xob siab.

- Muaj peev xwm loj tam sim no: Muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev cuam tshuam lub zog siab thaum muaj xob laim lossis luv luv.

- Qhov hluav taws xob tsawg seem: Xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tsis raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob siab dhau.

- Kev tiv thaiv huab cua: Hloov kho rau cov xwm txheej sab nraum zoov xws li qhov kub thiab txias siab thiab qis, thiab hluav taws xob ultraviolet.

2.3 Kev faib tawm ntawm Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Surge

Raws li qhov chaw thov thiab kev ua haujlwm, photovoltaic SPD tuaj yeem raug cais ua:

• DC sab SPD: Siv ntawm lub photovoltaic module thiab lub inverter, los tiv thaiv DC sab surges.

• AC sab SPD: Siv rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub inverter, los tiv thaiv kev nce siab los ntawm sab grid.

• Teeb liab SPD: Siv rau kev tiv thaiv xob laim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau txais thiab cov kab sib txuas lus.

III. Kev Xaiv thiab Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Teeb tsa rau Cov Khoom Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob Photovoltaic Surge

3.1 Tus yuam sij Cov Kev Cai rau Kev Xaiv

• Qhov hluav taws xob ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws (Uc): Yuav tsum siab dua qhov hluav taws xob ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub kaw lus.

• Nominal discharge current (Hauv): Qhia txog lub peev xwm tiv taus surge ntawm SPD. Feem ntau, tus nqi siab dua 20kA yog qhov pom zoo.

• Qib tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (Saum toj): Qhov qis dua qhov hluav taws xob seem, qhov zoo dua qhov kev tiv thaiv.

• Qib tiv thaiv IP: Rau kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov, nws yuav tsum ncav cuag IP65 lossis siab dua.

3.2 Kev teeb tsa Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb

- Kev teeb tsa sab DC: Nyob ze rau ntawm lub photovoltaic array thiab inverter kom txo cov kab inductive surges.

- Cov kev cai grounding: Xyuas kom meej tias qhov qis-impedance grounding los txhim kho qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev faib hluav taws xob tam sim no.

- Kev tiv thaiv cascaded: Siv ntau lub SPDs (xws li Class I + Class II) kom ua tiav kev tiv thaiv ntau dua.

Ⅳ.Thoob Ntiaj Teb Lub Hnub Ci Cov Qauv Lag Luam Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob

4.1 Kev Tsav Tsheb Cov yam ntxwv rau Kev Loj Hlob ntawm Kev Xav Tau Hauv Kev Ua Lag Luam

- Lub peev xwm teeb tsa ntawm lub zog photovoltaic txuas ntxiv nce siab (nws xav tias lub peev xwm teeb tsa thoob ntiaj teb ntawm lub zog photovoltaic yuav tshaj 3000 GW los ntawm 2030).

- Cov cai tswjfwm kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob ntawm ntau lub tebchaws tau dhau los ua qhov nruj dua (xws li cov qauv zoo li IEC 61643 thiab UL 1449).

- Cov tswv tau saib xyuas qhov kev ntseeg tau thiab lub neej ntev ntawm lub kaw lus.

4.2 Kev tsim kho tshiab Kev Taw Qhia Hauv Kev Siv Tshuab

- SPD ntse: Kev saib xyuas ua ke, muaj peev xwm ceeb toom thiab kuaj mob qhov yuam kev.

- Tsim qauv modular: Pab txhawb kev saib xyuas thiab hloov pauv.

- Kev hloov pauv kub dav dav: Muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov huab cua hnyav.

Ⅴ. Xaus lus

Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuab photovoltaic. Lawv xaiv, teeb tsa, thiab txij nkawm cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab lub neej ntev ntawm lub tshuab. Nrog rau kev txhim kho sai ntawm kev lag luam photovoltaic, cov SPDs ua tau zoo thiab ntse yuav dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv kev ua lag luam. Cov lag luam yuav tsum txhawb nqa kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis thiab muab cov khoom lag luam zoo uas ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb kom tau raws li qhov kev thov nce ntxiv rau kev nyab xeeb hluav taws xob hauv kev lag luam photovoltaic thoob ntiaj teb.