Kev Taw Qhia

Hauv cov tshuab fais fab niaj hnub thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (SPDs) thiab cov inverters, ua ob qho tseem ceeb, lawv txoj kev ua haujlwm sib koom tes yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm tag nrho lub cev. Nrog rau kev txhim kho sai ntawm lub zog rov ua dua tshiab thiab kev siv dav dav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob fais fab, kev siv ua ke ntawm ob qho no tau dhau los ua ntau dua. Tsab xov xwm no yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov ntsiab cai ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem xaiv, cov txheej txheem teeb tsa ntawm SPDs thiab inverters, nrog rau yuav ua li cas lawv tuaj yeem ua ke zoo tshaj plaws los muab kev tiv thaiv rau cov tshuab fais fab.

 

 

Tshooj 1: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge

 

1.1 Tus tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yog dab tsi?

 

Ib lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (SPD luv luv), tseem hu ua lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob lossis lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv overvoltage, yog ib lub cuab yeej hluav taws xob uas muab kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb rau ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej, thiab cov kab sib txuas lus. Nws tuaj yeem txuas lub voj voog tiv thaiv rau lub kaw lus equipotential hauv lub sijhawm luv luv, ua rau lub zog ntawm txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm cov khoom siv sib npaug, thiab tib lub sijhawm tso tawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no tsim nyob rau hauv lub voj voog vim yog xob laim lossis hloov pauv ua haujlwm rau hauv av, yog li tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev puas tsuaj.

 

Cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau dhau siv dav hauv kev sib txuas lus, fais fab, teeb pom kev zoo, kev saib xyuas, thiab kev tswj hwm kev lag luam, thiab lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsis tau ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv xob laim. Raws li cov qauv ntawm International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau dhau tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: Hom I (rau kev tiv thaiv xob laim ncaj qha), Hom II (rau kev tiv thaiv kab ke faib khoom), thiab Hom III (rau kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv kawg).

 

1.2 Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm Surge Protector

 

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yog raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom tsis sib xws (xws li varistors, cov raj xa roj, cov diodes tiv thaiv hluav taws xob transient, thiab lwm yam). Hauv qab qhov hluav taws xob ib txwm muaj, lawv muaj lub xeev impedance siab thiab yuav luag tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub voj voog. Thaum muaj hluav taws xob surge tshwm sim, cov khoom no tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lub xeev impedance qis hauv nanoseconds, hloov lub zog overvoltage mus rau hauv av thiab yog li txwv qhov hluav taws xob hla cov khoom siv tiv thaiv mus rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb.

Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub theem:

 

1.2.1 Theem saib xyuas

 

SPD nrognws saib xyuas qhov hloov pauv ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob hauv lub voj voog. Nws tseem nyob hauv lub xeev siab-impedance hauv qhov voltage ib txwm muaj, yam tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ib txwm ntawm lub cev.

 

1.2.2 Theem teb

 

Thaum lub zog hluav taws xob raug kuaj pom tias siab tshaj qhov ntsuas tau teeb tsa (xws li 385V rau lub kaw lus 220V), cov khoom tiv thaiv teb sai sai hauv nanoseconds.

 

1.2.3 Kev Tso Tawm theem

Lub ntsiab tiv thaiv hloov mus rau qhov tsis muaj zog, tsim ib txoj kev tso tawm los coj cov overcurrent mus rau hauv av, thaum clamping lub voltage hla cov khoom siv tiv thaiv mus rau qib nyab xeeb.

 

1.2.4 Theem rov zoo:

Tom qab muaj hluav taws xob ntau dhau, qhov khoom tiv thaiv yuav rov qab mus rau lub xeev muaj zog siab, thiab lub kaw lus yuav rov ua haujlwm li qub. Rau cov hom uas tsis rov zoo li qub, tej zaum yuav tsum tau hloov module.

 

1.3 Yuav ua li cas mus rau xaiv ib qho tiv thaiv hluav taws xob

 

Kev xaiv tus tiv thaiv hluav taws xob kom tsim nyog yuav tsum xav txog ntau yam kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam.

 

1.3.1 Xaiv hom raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub kaw lus

 

- TT, TN lossis IT lub tshuab faib hluav taws xob xav tau ntau hom SPD

- SPDs rau AC systems thiab DC systems (xws li photovoltaic systems) tsis tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke

- Qhov sib txawv ntawm ib theem thiab peb theem systems

 

1.3.2 Tus yuam sij Kev Sib Tw Parameter

 

- Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm tas mus li (Uc) yuav tsum siab dua qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm tas mus li uas lub kaw lus yuav ntsib (feem ntau yog 1.15-1.5 npaug ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm lub kaw lus)

- Qib tiv thaiv voltage (Saum toj) yuav tsum qis dua qhov voltage ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv

- Yuav tsum xaiv qhov tam sim no tso tawm nominal (In) thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws tso tawm tam sim no (Imax) raws li qhov chaw teeb tsa thiab qhov xav tau surge zog

- Lub sijhawm teb yuav tsum ceev txaus (feem ntau

 

1.3.3 Kev teeb tsa kev xav txog qhov chaw

 

- Lub qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau nruab nrog Chav Kawm I lossis Chav Kawm II SPD

- Lub vaj huam sib luag faib khoom tuaj yeem nruab nrog Chav Kawm II SPD

- Qhov kawg ntawm lub cuab yeej yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv los ntawm Chav Kawm III kev tiv thaiv zoo SPD

 

1.3.4 Tshwj xeeb Cov Kev Cai Ib puag ncig

 

- Rau kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov, xav txog qhov ntsuas dej thiab hmoov av (IP65 lossis siab dua)

- Hauv qhov chaw kub siab, xaiv SPDs uas haum rau qhov kub siab

- Hauv cov chaw muaj xeb, xaiv cov ntaub thaiv uas muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv xeb

 

1.3.5 Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Cov Qauv

 

- Ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb xws li IEC 61643 thiab UL 1449

- Muaj ntawv pov thawj los ntawm CE, TUV, thiab lwm yam.

- Rau cov tshuab photovoltaic, nws yuav tsum ua raws li IEC 61643-31 tus qauv

 

1.4 Yuav ua li cas nruab tus tiv thaiv hluav taws xob

 

Kev teeb tsa kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob zoo. Nov yog phau ntawv qhia kev teeb tsa rau cov kws tshaj lij

 

1.4.1 Kev Teeb Tsa Qhov chaw Kev Xaiv

 

- Lub hwj chim nkag SPD yuav tsum tau teeb tsa rau hauv lub thawv faib khoom loj, ze rau qhov kawg ntawm kab nkag li sai tau.

- Lub thawv faib khoom thib ob SPD yuav tsum tau teeb tsa tom qab qhov hloov.

- Lub SPD pem hauv ntej rau cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau muab tso ze li sai tau rau cov khoom siv tiv thaiv (nws raug pom zoo tias qhov deb tsawg dua 5 meters).

 

1.4.2 Kev Txuas Hluav Taws Xob Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb

 

- Txoj kev sib txuas "V" (Kev sib txuas Kelvin) tuaj yeem txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau lead inductance.

- Cov xov hlau txuas yuav tsum luv thiab ncaj li sai tau (

- Thaj chaw hla ntawm cov xov hlau yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv (feem ntau tsis tsawg dua 4mm² tooj liab hlau).

- Cov hlau av yuav tsum xaiv cov hlau daj-ntsuab ob xim, nrog thaj tsam hla tsis tsawg dua li ntawm cov hlau theem.

 

1.4.3 Kev sib txuas hauv av Cov Kev Cai

 

- Cov chaw nres nkoj av ntawm SPD yuav tsum tau txuas nrog lub tsheb npav av ntawm lub kaw lus kom ruaj ntseg.

- Qhov kev tiv thaiv av yuav tsum ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub kaw lus (feem ntau

- Tsis txhob muaj cov xov hlau grounding ntev dhau, vim qhov no yuav ua rau lub impedance grounding nce ntxiv.

 

1.4.4 Kev Teeb Tsa Cov kauj ruam

 

1) Txiav lub hwj chim thiab paub tseeb tias tsis muaj hluav taws xob

2) Tseg qhov chaw teeb tsa hauv lub thawv faib khoom raws li qhov loj ntawm SPD

3) Kho lub hauv paus SPD lossis txoj kev qhia tsheb ciav hlau

4) Txuas cov hlau theem, hlau nruab nrab thiab hlau av raws li daim duab qhia txog kev txuas hluav taws xob

5) Xyuas seb txhua qhov kev sib txuas puas ruaj ntseg

6) Fais fab rau kev sim, saib cov teeb qhia xwm txheej

 

1.4.5 Kev Teeb Tsa Cov kev ceev faj

 

- Tsis txhob nruab SPD ua ntej lub fuse lossis lub circuit breaker.

- Yuav tsum muaj qhov deb txaus (qhov ntev ntawm txoj hlua > 10 meters) ntawm ntau lub SPDs lossis yuav tsum ntxiv ib lub cuab yeej decoupling.

- Tom qab kev teeb tsa, yuav tsum muaj ib lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv overcurrent (xws li lub fuse lossis circuit breaker) ntsia rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm SPD.

- Yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua (tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug) thiab kev saib xyuas. Yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom zoo ua ntej thiab tom qab lub caij cua daj cua dub.

 

Tshooj 2: Nyob rau hauv-kev tshuaj xyuas tob ntawm cov inverters

 

2.1 Lub inverter yog dab tsi?

 

Lub inverter yog ib lub cuab yeej hluav taws xob uas hloov cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha (DC) mus rau hauv cov hluav taws xob hloov pauv (AC). Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob niaj hnub no. Nrog rau kev loj hlob sai ntawm lub zog rov ua dua tshiab, kev siv cov inverters tau dhau los ua dav dav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic, cov tshuab hluav taws xob cua, cov tshuab khaws cia hluav taws xob, thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua (UPS).

 

 

Cov inverters tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov inverters square wave, modified sine wave inverters thiab pure sine wave inverters raws li lawv cov zis waveforms; lawv kuj tuaj yeem raug faib ua cov inverters txuas nrog grid, off-grid inverters thiab hybrid inverters raws li lawv cov xwm txheej thov; thiab lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua micro inverters, string inverters thiab centralized inverters raws li lawv cov ntsuas fais fab.

 

2.2 Ua haujlwm Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm Inverter

 

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub inverter yog hloov cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha mus rau hauv hluav taws xob hloov pauv los ntawm kev hloov pauv sai ntawm cov khoom siv hloov pauv semiconductor (xws li IGBT thiab MOSFET). Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yooj yim yog raws li nram no:

 

2.2.1 DC Tswv Yim Theem

 

Lub zog fais fab DC (xws li cov vaj huam sib luag photovoltaic, roj teeb) muab lub zog hluav taws xob DC rau lub inverter.

 

2.2.2 Kev Txhawb Nqa Theem (Xaiv tau)

 

Lub zog hluav taws xob nkag tau nce mus rau qib uas tsim nyog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm inverter los ntawm DC-DC boost circuit.

 

2.2.3 Kev Tig Rov Qab Theem

 

Cov qhov hloov tswj tau qhib thiab kaw raws li ib qho kev sib law liag, hloov cov hluav taws xob ncaj qha mus ua hluav taws xob ncaj qha. Qhov no ces raug lim los ntawm lub voj voog lim dej kom tsim tau ib qho waveform hloov pauv.

 

2.2.4 Tso zis Theem

 

Tom qab dhau los ntawm LC filtering, cov zis yuav yog ib qho hluav taws xob hloov pauv uas tsim nyog (xws li 220V / 50Hz lossis 110V / 60Hz).

 

Rau cov inverters uas txuas nrog grid, nws kuj suav nrog cov haujlwm siab heev xws li kev tswj hwm kev sib txuas ntawm grid synchronous, kev taug qab qhov chaw fais fab siab tshaj plaws (MPPT), thiab kev tiv thaiv cov teeb meem islanding. Cov inverters niaj hnub no feem ntau siv PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) thev naus laus zis los txhim kho qhov zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm waveform.

 

2.3 Yuav ua li cas xaiv ib lub inverter

 

Kev xaiv lub inverter tsim nyog yuav tsum xav txog ntau yam:

 

2.3.1 Xaiv hom raws li ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm daim ntawv thov

 

- Rau cov kab ke sib txuas nrog grid, xaiv cov inverters sib txuas nrog grid

- Rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob tawm ntawm lub network, xaiv cov inverters tawm ntawm lub network

- Rau cov tshuab hybrid, xaiv cov inverters hybrid

 

2.3.2 Lub zog Sib phim

 

- Lub zog ntsuas yuav tsum siab dua me ntsis ntawm tag nrho lub zog thauj khoom (qhov sib npaug pom zoo ntawm 1.2 - 1.5 npaug)

- Xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm overload tam sim ntawd (xws li tam sim no pib ntawm lub cev muaj zog)

 

2.3.3 Cov Lus Qhia yam ntxwv sib phim

 

- Qhov input voltage yuav tsum npog qhov output voltage ntawm lub hwj chim.

- Rau cov tshuab photovoltaic, tus lej ntawm MPPT txoj kev thiab cov tswv yim tam sim no yuav tsum phim cov khoom sib xyaw.

 

2.3.4 Cov zis tawm Cov yam ntxwv Cov Kev Cai

 

- Qhov hluav taws xob thiab zaus tso zis ua raws li cov qauv hauv zos (xws li 220V / 50Hz)

- Waveform zoo (qhov zoo dua yog lub inverter ntshiab sine wave)

- Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo (cov inverters zoo muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua > 95%)

 

2.3.5 Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Haujlwm

 

- Kev tiv thaiv yooj yim xws li overvoltage, undervoltage, overload, luv Circuit Court, thiab overheating

- Rau cov inverters uas txuas nrog grid, yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv cov teebmeem islanding

- Kev tiv thaiv kev txhaj tshuaj rov qab (rau cov kab ke sib xyaw)

 

2.3.6 Ib puag ncig Kev hloov pauv tau

 

- Kev Ua Haujlwm Kub Ntau

- Qib Kev Tiv Thaiv (IP65 lossis siab dua yog qhov yuav tsum tau rau kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov)

- Kev Hloov Kho Qhov Siab

 

2.3.7 Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Cov Kev Cai

 

- Cov inverters txuas nrog grid yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj kev sib txuas hauv zos (xws li CQC hauv Suav teb, VDE-AR-N 4105 hauv EU, thiab lwm yam)

- Daim ntawv pov thawj kev nyab xeeb (xws li UL, IEC, thiab lwm yam)

 

2.4 Yuav ua li cas nruab lub inverter

 

Qhov kev teeb tsa kom raug ntawm lub inverter yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab lub neej ntev:

 

2.4.1 Kev Teeb Tsa Qhov chaw Kev Xaiv

 

- Muaj cua nkag tau zoo, tsis txhob raug tshav ntuj ncaj qha

- Qhov kub thiab txias ntawm -25 ℃ txog + 60 ℃ (saib cov lus qhia ntawm cov khoom kom paub meej)

- Qhuav thiab huv si, tsis txhob muaj hmoov av thiab cov pa roj corrosive

- Qhov chaw yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam thiab kev txij nkawm

- Nyob ze rau lub roj teeb li sai tau (kom txo qhov poob kab)

 

2.4.2 Kev Siv Tshuab Kev teeb tsa

 

- Siv cov phab ntsa mounting los yog brackets los xyuas kom ruaj khov

- Khaws cia ntsug rau kev xa cua sov zoo dua

- Tseg chaw txaus nyob ib puag ncig (feem ntau ntau dua 50cm saum toj thiab hauv qab, thiab ntau dua 30cm ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis)

 

2.4.3 Hluav Taws Xob Kev Sib Txuas

 

- Kev Sib Txuas Sab DC:

- Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov polarity raug (cov terminals zoo thiab tsis zoo yuav tsum tsis txhob tig rov qab)

- Siv cov xov hlau uas muaj cov lus qhia tsim nyog (feem ntau yog 4-35mm²)

- Nws raug pom zoo kom nruab ib lub DC circuit breaker rau ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj zoo

 

- Kev Sib Txuas Sab AC:

- Txuas raws li L/N/PE

- Cov lus qhia txog cable yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov kev cai tam sim no

- Yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob AC

 

- Kev Sib Txuas Hauv Av:

- Xyuas kom muaj kev sib txuas hauv av zoo (kev tiv thaiv hauv av

- Lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov hlau av yuav tsum tsis tsawg dua li lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov hlau theem

 

2.4.4 Lub Txheej Txheem Kev teeb tsa

 

- Cov inverters txuas nrog grid yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv grid uas ua raws li txoj cai.

- Cov inverters tawm ntawm daim phiaj hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau teeb tsa nrog cov txhab roj teeb tsim nyog.

- Teem cov txheej txheem system kom raug (voltage, zaus, thiab lwm yam)

 

2.4.5 Kev Teeb Tsa Cov kev ceev faj

 

- Xyuas kom tseeb tias txhua qhov chaw fais fab raug txiav tawm ua ntej kev teeb tsa

- Tsis txhob khiav cov kab DC thiab AC ua ke

- Cais cov kab sib txuas lus los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob

- Ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas kom meej tom qab kev teeb tsa ua ntej qhib lub zog rau kev sim

 

2.4.6 Kev kho qhov yuam kev thiab Kev kuaj xyuas

 

- Ntsuas qhov tsis kam ntawm cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev ua ntej qhib lub zog

- Maj mam tig lub zog thiab saib xyuas cov txheej txheem pib

- Sim seb ntau yam kev tiv thaiv puas ua haujlwm zoo

- Ntsuas qhov tso zis voltage, zaus, thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas

 

Tshooj 3: Kev Koom Tes nruab nrab ntawm SPD thiab Inverter

 

3.1 Vim li cas lub inverter xav tau lub surge protector?

 

Ua ib lub cuab yeej hluav taws xob fais fab, lub inverter rhiab heev rau qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob thiab xav tau kev tiv thaiv ua ke ntawm lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov no suav nrog:

 

3.1.1 Siab Kev rhiab heev ntawm Inverter

 

Lub inverter muaj ntau lub khoom siv semiconductor thiab cov circuits tswj hwm. Cov khoom no muaj kev tiv taus tsawg rau overvoltage thiab yooj yim rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm surges.

 

3.1.2 Lub Txheej Txheem Kev qhib siab

Cov kab DC thiab AC hauv lub photovoltaic system feem ntau ntev heev thiab raug rau sab nraum zoov, ua rau lawv yooj yim raug xob laim.

 

3.1.3 Ob Chav Kev Pheej Hmoo

Lub inverter tsis yog tsuas yog raug kev hem thawj ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm sab ntawm lub zog fais fab xwb, tab sis kuj tseem yuav raug kev cuam tshuam los ntawm sab ntawm lub photovoltaic array.

 

3.1.4 Kev Lag Luam Kev poob

Cov inverters feem ntau yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom kim tshaj plaws hauv lub photovoltaic system. Lawv qhov kev puas tsuaj tuaj yeem ua rau lub kaw lus tsis ua haujlwm thiab cov nqi kho siab.

 

3.1.5 Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Pheej Hmoo

Kev puas tsuaj rau lub inverter yuav ua rau muaj kev xwm txheej thib ob xws li hluav taws xob poob siab thiab hluav taws.

 

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais, hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic, kwv yees li 35% ntawm cov inverter tsis ua haujlwm yog cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab hluav taws xob, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov no tuaj yeem zam tau los ntawm kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv kev nce siab tsim nyog.

 

3.2 Kev daws teeb meem kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Surge Protector thiab Inverter

 

Ib txoj kev tiv thaiv kev poob siab tag nrho rau lub tshuab photovoltaic yuav tsum muaj ntau theem ntawm kev tiv thaiv:

 

3.2.1 DC Sab Kev Tiv Thaiv

 

- Nruab ib lub DC SPD tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuab photovoltaic hauv lub thawv DC combiner ntawm lub photovoltaic array.

- Nruab ib lub DC SPD theem ob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm DC input ntawm lub inverter.

- Tiv thaiv cov photovoltaic modules thiab DC/DC seem ntawm lub inverter.

 

3.2.2 Kev sib txuas lus-sab kev tiv thaiv

 

- Nruab thawj theem AC SPD ntawm qhov kawg ntawm AC tso zis ntawm lub inverter

- Nruab lub AC SPD theem ob ntawm qhov chaw sib txuas ntawm lub grid lossis lub txee faib khoom

- Tiv thaiv DC/AC ib feem ntawm lub inverter thiab qhov interface nrog lub hwj chim grid

 

3.2.3 Lub Teeb Liab Lub voj voog Kev Tiv Thaiv

 

- Nruab cov teeb liab SPDs rau cov kab sib txuas lus xws li RS485 thiab Ethernet

- Tiv thaiv cov circuits tswj thiab cov txheej txheem saib xyuas

 

3.2.4 Sib npaug Muaj peev xwm Kev Sib Txuas

 

- Xyuas kom tseeb tias txhua lub SPD grounding terminals tau txuas nrog lub kaw lus grounding kom ruaj ntseg

- Txo qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab ke hauv av

 

3.3 Kev sib koom tes kev xav txog ntawm kev xaiv thiab kev teeb tsa

 

Thaum siv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab cov inverters ua ke, kev xaiv thiab kev teeb tsa yuav tsum xav txog cov hauv qab no:

 

3.3.1 Kev Sib Tw Hluav Taws Xob

 

- Tus nqi Uc ntawm DC-sab SPD yuav tsum siab dua qhov siab tshaj plaws qhib-circuit voltage ntawm lub photovoltaic array (xav txog qhov kub thiab txias coefficient)

- Tus nqi Uc ntawm AC-side SPD yuav tsum siab dua qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ua haujlwm tas mus li ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob

- Tus nqi Up ntawm SPD yuav tsum qis dua tus nqi voltage ntawm txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm lub inverter

 

3.3.2 Lub Peev Xwm Tam Sim No

 

- Xaiv qhov In thiab Imax ntawm SPD raws li qhov xav tau tam sim no ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa.

- Rau sab DC ntawm lub photovoltaic system, nws raug pom zoo kom siv SPD nrog tsawg kawg 20kA (8 / 20μs).

- Rau sab AC, xaiv SPD nrog 20-50kA nyob ntawm qhov chaw.

 

3.3.3 Kev sib koom tes thiab Kev Koom Tes

 

- Yuav tsum muaj kev sib phim zog tsim nyog (qhov deb lossis kev sib cais) ntawm ntau lub SPDs.

- Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov SPDs ze rau ntawm lub inverter tsis dais tag nrho lub zog surge ib leeg xwb.

- Cov nqi nce ntawm txhua theem ntawm SPD yuav tsum tsim ib qho gradient (feem ntau, theem siab dua yog 20% ​​lossis siab dua qib qis dua).

 

3.3.4 Tshwj Xeeb Cov Kev Cai

 

- Lub photovoltaic DC SPD yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv kev sib txuas rov qab.

- Xav txog kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ob txoj kev (tej zaum yuav muaj hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv los ntawm ob sab ntawm lub grid thiab sab photovoltaic).

- Xaiv cov SPDs uas muaj peev xwm kub siab rau kev siv hauv qhov chaw kub siab.

 

3.3.5 Kev Teeb Tsa Cov Lus Qhia

 

- Lub SPD yuav tsum tau muab tso ze li ze tau rau qhov chaw nres nkoj tiv thaiv (inverter DC / AC terminals)

- Cov xov hlau sib txuas yuav tsum luv thiab ncaj li sai tau kom txo tau qhov inductance ntawm cov hlau lead

- Xyuas kom meej tias lub kaw lus grounding muaj qhov impedance qis

- Tsis txhob tsim ib lub voj voog hauv cov kab ntawm SPD thiab lub inverter

 

3.4 Kev Txij Nkawm thiab kev daws teeb meem

 

Cov ntsiab lus txij nkawm rau lub kaw lus sib koom tes ntawm cov tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab cov inverters:

 

3.4.1 Ib txwm kev tshuaj xyuas

 

- Saib xyuas qhov qhia txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm SPD txhua hli.

- Xyuas qhov kev sib txuas kom nruj txhua peb lub hlis.

- Ntsuas qhov kev tiv thaiv av txhua xyoo.

- Tshawb xyuas tam sim ntawd tom qab muaj xob laim.

 

3.4.2 Feem ntau kev daws teeb meem

 

- Kev ua haujlwm ntau zaus ntawm SPD: Xyuas seb qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub kaw lus puas ruaj khov thiab yog tias tus qauv SPD puas tsim nyog.

- SPD ua tsis tiav: Xyuas seb lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej puas sib xws thiab yog tias qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua li lub peev xwm SPD.

- Inverter tseem puas lawm: Xyuas seb qhov chaw teeb tsa SPD puas tsim nyog thiab yog tias qhov kev sib txuas yog qhov tseeb.

- Lub tswb ceeb toom cuav: Tshawb xyuas qhov sib xws ntawm SPD thiab lub inverter thiab yog tias qhov grounding zoo.

 

3.4.3 Kev hloov pauv Cov Qauv

 

- Lub cim qhia txog qhov xwm txheej qhia tias tsis ua haujlwm

- Qhov tsos qhia tau tias muaj kev puas tsuaj pom tseeb (xws li kub hnyiab, tawg, thiab lwm yam)

- Muaj kev paub txog cov xwm txheej nce siab tshaj qhov ntsuas tau

- Ua kom tau raws li lub neej ua haujlwm uas tus neeg tsim khoom pom zoo (feem ntau yog 8-10 xyoo)

 

3.4.4 Lub Txheej Txheem Kev Txhim Kho

 

- Kho qhov kev teeb tsa SPD raws li kev paub ua haujlwm

- Kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab (xws li kev saib xyuas SPD ntse)

- Ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm nthuav dav ntawm lub kaw lus

 

Tshooj 4: Yav tom ntej Cov Qauv Kev Loj Hlob

 

Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm Internet of Things technology, cov SPDs ntse yuav dhau los ua qhov sib txawv:

 

4.1 Kev nce siab ntse kev tiv thaiv thev naus laus zis

Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm Internet of Things technology, cov SPDs ntse yuav dhau los ua qhov sib txawv:

- Kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm SPD xwm txheej thiab lub neej tseem tshuav

- Sau cov lej thiab lub zog ntawm cov xwm txheej surge

- Lub tswb ceeb toom thiab kev kuaj mob ntawm chaw deb

- Kev koom ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem saib xyuas inverter

 

4.2 Siab dua kev ua tau zoo cov khoom siv tiv thaiv

 

Cov hom khoom siv tiv thaiv tshiab tab tom tsim kho:

- Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv khov kho nrog lub sijhawm teb sai dua

- Cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw ua ke nrog lub peev xwm nqus tau zog ntau dua

- Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej kho

- Cov modules sib xyaw ua ke ntau yam kev tiv thaiv xws li overvoltage, overcurrent, thiab overheating tiv thaiv

 

4.3 Lub Tshuab-level kev daws teeb meem kev tiv thaiv ua ke

 

Lub hom phiaj kev loj hlob yav tom ntej yog hloov zuj zus los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ib lub cuab yeej mus rau kev tiv thaiv kev koom tes hauv theem system:

- Kev sib koom tes ua ke ntawm SPD thiab inverter built-in kev tiv thaiv

- Cov phiaj xwm tiv thaiv kev cai raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub kaw lus

- Cov tswv yim tiv thaiv dynamic xav txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm grid

- Kev tiv thaiv kev kwv yees ua ke nrog AI algorithms

 

Xaus lus

 

Kev ua haujlwm sib koom tes ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab cov inverters yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob niaj hnub. Los ntawm kev xaiv los ntawm kev tshawb fawb, kev teeb tsa raws li tus qauv, thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm lub kaw lus, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev nce siab tuaj yeem txo qis mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws, lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv tuaj yeem ntev dua, thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub kaw lus tuaj yeem txhim kho. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis, kev koom tes ntawm ob qho tib si yuav ntse dua thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua, muab kev tiv thaiv zoo dua rau kev txhim kho lub zog huv thiab kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

 

Rau cov neeg tsim qauv thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm teeb tsa / txij nkawm, kev nkag siab zoo txog cov ntsiab cai ua haujlwm ntawm cov tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab cov inverters, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm lawv txoj kev sib koom tes, yuav pab tsim cov kev daws teeb meem zoo dua thiab tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua rau cov neeg siv. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog niaj hnub no ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob thiab kev siv hluav taws xob sai, qhov kev xav tiv thaiv kev sib koom tes hla cov khoom siv no yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.