Qhov txawv ntawm Surge Protective Devices thiab Circuit Breakers yog dab tsi?
- Qhov Sib Txawv Ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge Thiab Circuit Breakers
1.1 lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob
Ib lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (SPD), tseem hu ua lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv xob laim qis lossis lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob qis, yog ib lub cuab yeej siv los txwv cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau hauv cov hluav taws xob lossis cov kab sib txuas lus, yog li tiv thaiv cov khoom siv. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm yog tias thaum muaj hluav taws xob ntau dhau lossis dhau tam sim no tshwm sim hauv lub voj voog, lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yuav ua haujlwm sai sai, hloov cov hluav taws xob mus rau hauv av.
Raws li hom khoom siv uas raug tiv thaiv, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv teeb liab. Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg ntxiv, raws li lub peev xwm tiv thaiv, rau Hom 1, Hom 2, Hom 3, thiab Hom 4 cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob. Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv teeb liab suav nrog cov khoom siv tiv thaiv teeb liab network, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv video, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv hluav taws xob 3-hauv-1 saib xyuas, cov khoom siv tiv thaiv teeb liab tswj, thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv teeb liab RF (antenna-feeder).
1.2 Lub Tshuab Hluav Taws Xob
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tawg, qee zaum hu ua lub tshuab hloov cua, yog ib lub cuab yeej siv rau kev nyab xeeb hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob. Nws txiav lub voj voog txiav thaum cov hluav taws xob hla dhau qhov txwv uas tau teem tseg. Qhov no tiv thaiv cov voj voog hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv los ntawm cov teeb meem xws li luv luv lossis ntau dhau.
Feem ntau cov neeg siv cov circuit breakers los tswj lub zog hauv cov chaw xws li cov teeb pom kev zoo lossis cov chav twj tso kua mis. Lub cuab yeej ua haujlwm raws li cua sov. Thaum muaj hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ntawm lub breaker, nws tsim cua sov. Qhov cua sov no ua rau ib daim hlau sab hauv lub breaker khoov. Yog li ntawd, lub breaker yuav tawg thiab txiav lub zog. Qhov no tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv los ntawm hluav taws xob ntau dhau.
- Qhov Txawv Ntawm Ob Lub Tshuab
2.1 Cov ntsiab cai ua haujlwm txawv: Lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev poob siab ua haujlwm thaum muaj hluav taws xob ntau dhau hauv lub voj voog, hloov qhov hluav taws xob ntau dhau mus rau hauv av. Qhov sib txawv, lub tshuab hluav taws xob txiav tawm lub voj voog thaum tam sim no tshaj qhov txwv ntsuas, yog li tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
2.2 Cov haujlwm tiv thaiv txawv: Lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ntau dhau yog tsim los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab kev sib txuas lus los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm hluav taws xob ntau dhau hauv lub voj voog. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lub tshuab hluav taws xob tawg, tiv thaiv lub voj voog los ntawm qhov tsis ua haujlwm xws li luv luv thiab overloads.
Cov kev tiv thaiv sib txawv: Lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv ob qho tib si lub zog fais fab thiab cov kab sib txuas lus. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsuas yog txwv rau kev tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas nrog lub voj voog fais fab.
- Kev Paub Txog Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Surge (SPD)
Cov yam tseem ceeb xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kev kub ntxhov muaj xws li cov hauv qab no:
Yuav tsum xaiv qib tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (Saum) raws li qhov hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kom ntseeg tau tias qhov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv qis dua qib rwb thaiv tsev, yog li tiv thaiv cov khoom siv ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev overvoltage. Tus nqi Up yuav tsum tsawg dua 80% ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, hauv lub thawv faib ceg ntawm lub tsev nyob, tus nqi Up feem ntau yog xaiv ntawm 1.5kV thiab 2.5kV. Thaum tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rhiab heev xws li cov tshuab tswj hwm tsev ntse, yuav tsum xaiv tus nqi Up qis dua.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm tas mus li (Uc) qhia txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm AC RMS lossis DC voltage uas SPD tuaj yeem tiv taus tau ntev. Nws yuav tsum loj dua qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm tas mus li uas yuav tshwm sim hauv lub kaw lus thiab feem ntau raug xaiv raws li lub zog nominal ntawm lub kaw lus. Hauv lub kaw lus fais fab 220V / 380V, tus nqi Uc ntawm 385V lossis 420V feem ntau raug xaiv. Hauv lub kaw lus photovoltaic, tus nqi Uc ntawm lub cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev co yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub inverter photovoltaic. Thaum lub kaw lus fais fab muaj kev hloov pauv loj ntawm voltage, tus nqi Uc siab dua yuav tsum raug xaiv.
Lub peev xwm tso tawm yog hais txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas SPD tuaj yeem tiv taus hauv ib qho xwm txheej hluav taws xob. Nws suav nrog lub npe hu ua hluav taws xob tso tawm (In) thiab lub npe hu ua hluav taws xob tso tawm (Imax). Kev xaiv yuav tsum ua raws li qhov chaw teeb tsa thiab qhov muaj zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob xob laim. Piv txwv li, ntawm lub thawv faib khoom tseem ceeb, xav tau lub peev xwm tso tawm loj dua, thaum ntawm lub thawv faib khoom kawg, lub peev xwm me dua yuav txaus. Lub npe hu ua hluav taws xob tso tawm (In) sawv cev rau qib ntawm cov hluav taws xob xob laim uas SPD tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau zaus yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Kev xaiv ntawm In nyob ntawm cov yam xws li qhov chaw, qhov siab, ib puag ncig, thiab qib kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob uas xav tau. Hauv cov nroog uas muaj cov tsev siab nyob ib puag ncig, In yuav raug xaiv ua 20kA; hauv cov cheeb tsam qhib lossis cov cheeb tsam uas muaj hluav taws xob ntau zaus, In yuav tsum yog 30kA lossis siab dua.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no (Imax) sawv cev rau qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no uas SPD tuaj yeem tiv taus hauv ib qho xwm txheej. Kev xaiv zoo ib yam li In tab sis yuav tsum xav txog qhov chaw teeb tsa, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev, thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv. Rau cov tsev nyob ib txwm, Imax yuav raug xaiv ntawm 40kA thiab 60kA; rau cov tsev nyob siab lossis cov chaw muaj cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, Imax yuav tsum yog 80kA lossis siab dua.
Lub sijhawm teb qhia txog qhov ceev ntawm SPD hauv kev teb rau cov hluav taws xob xob laim. Lub sijhawm teb luv dua, qhov zoo dua. Feem ntau, nws raug pom zoo kom xaiv SPDs nrog lub sijhawm teb tsawg dua 25ns kom ntseeg tau tias kev tswj hwm thiab tso tawm cov hluav taws xob xob laim sai, txo qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv.